HIV Flashcards
What HIV proteins bind the host receptors?
gp120 and gp41. gp120 binds first, which causes conformational changes in gp41 which allows for fusion.
What host proteins does HIV bind to?
gp120 binds to CD4. It also binds to the chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CXCR5.
What are the early genes transcribed by HIV?
Tat and rev
What does Tat encode?
Tat encodes a transcription factor so DNA can transcribed the viral RNA.
What does rev encode?
rev encodes a protein that allows for unspliced RNA to be transported into the cytosol.
What are the late genes to be expressed?
Gag and pol and env
What does gag express?
Gag expresses the structural proteins
What does env express?
Env expresses the glycoproteins that will facilitate host interactions
what does pol express
RT, integrase, protease,
What are the type of cells that HIV can infect?
T cells, macrophages, and DC.
If macrophages don’t express CD4, how do they infect macrophages and DC?
HIV can express a gp120 protein that can bind CXCR5 with higher affinity, which is sufficient enough for infecting them.
What regions of the HIV genome regulate expression of the viral genes?
The LTRs. They contain binding sites for NFkB and NFAT.
What host transcription factors regulate HIV gene expression?
NFkB and NFAT.
What are some host defenses against HIV?
Tetherin, APOBEC3, TRIM5a. Trim5a is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that can cause pre-mature uncoating of HIV and degredation of the RT.
What are the types of HIV therapy?
HAART and PrEP
