HIV

Question 1

Stages of HIV entering the cell

Answer 1

1. gp120 binds to CD4 cells
2. Conformational change
3. gp120 and CD4 bind CCR5
4. gp41 penetrates membrane and membranes fuse

Question 2

Protein preventing infection of naive CD4 T cells

Answer 2

APOBEC3G –> cytidine deaminase that introduces cytidine to uracil mutations in viral DNA

Question 3

Protein that allows for HIV to target the nuclear pore

Answer 3

Vpr

Question 4

Time after infection with HIV that seroconversion and specific CD8 T cells are formed

Answer 4

3 to 7 weeks

Question 5

Acute retroviral syndrome

Answer 5

Occurs 3 to 6 weeks after infection

Fever, weight loss, myalgia, fatigue

Question 6

Most reliable short-term indicator of HIV progression

Answer 6

CD4 T cell count
Categories:
1. Greater or equal to 500 cells/uL
2. 200 to 499 cells/uL
3. Fewer than 200 cells/uL

Question 7

Most common cause of pneumonia in HIV patients

Answer 7

Pneumocystis jiroveci –> dyspnea, fever, non-productive cough

Question 8

Most common fungal infection in AIDS patients

Answer 8

candidiasis (oral thrush)

Question 9

Cytomegalovirus in AIDS patients

Answer 9

Usually disseminated infection causing enteritis and retinitis (when CD4+ <50)

Question 10

Cells that fight infection in AIDS patients

Answer 10

Macrophages

Question 11

Primary infection stage

Answer 11

1. First 3 months

2. Viral load peaks around 10 million/mL of plasma

Question 12

Chronic phase of infection

Answer 12

Viral load decreases to around 10,000/mL of plasma for about 9 years

Question 13

Crisis phase of infection

Answer 13

Viral load increases to 10 million/mL of plasma at around 11 years