HIV

Question 1

In Sub-Saharan Africa, young women are how many times more likely to have AIDS tha young men?

Answer 1

Four

Question 2

Controlling HIV-1 infection - therapy

Answer 2

ARV can be used to treat and prevent.

Question 3

Controlling HIV-1 infection - microbicides

Answer 3

HIV-1 inhibitors that can be applied vaginally or rectally to prevent the virus from establishing infection.
Large number in development and undergoing testing

Question 4

Controlling HIV-1 infection - vaccine

Answer 4

Stimulation of immune responses to prevent either the transmissiong of HIV-1 (prophylactic vaccine) or the progression of the disease following viral transmission (therapeutic vaccine)

Question 5

Types of HIV vaccines currently being tested or currently in development

Answer 5

Recombinant protein
Synthetic peptides
Naked DNA
Live-vectored
Whole, inactivated virus
Live attenuated virus

Question 6

2 main areas where HIV vaccines are focused

Answer 6

Antibody responses
Cellular immune responses (T cells)

Question 7

Which immune cells does HIV attack?

Answer 7

T helper cells / CD4+

Question 8

HIV antibody response mechanisms

Answer 8

Neutralisation
Opsonisation
Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity

Question 9

Complexity of Ab responses for control of HIV-1 replication

Answer 9

HIV variation and carbohydrate camouflage
Large levels of viral burst
Natural viral speed

Question 10

Approaches to increase antibody breadth

Answer 10

Add more components
Expose/present more conserved eptiopes
Mimic natural oligomeric presentation