HIV Flashcards
1
Q
How many HIV genotypes are there?
A
HIV-1 and HIV-2
2
Q
Is HIV enveloped?
A
Yes, glycoprotein envelope
3
Q
How is HIV transmitted?
A
- Vertical: mother to child
- Parenteral: needlestick injury,
- Transplantation from infected organ
- Sexual transmission
4
Q
Briefly describe the primary infection stage of HIV (weeks)
A
- Bust of viraemia
- Transient decline in CD4 cells
- Fever, cough
- Rash on chest
5
Q
Briefly describe the latency stage of HIV (years)
A
- gradual decline in T cells
- Chronic low level viremia
- fever, loss of weight
6
Q
Briefly describe how HIV progresses to AIDS
A
- CD4 T cells loss > production
- develops AIDS, immunocompromised
7
Q
Characteristics of AIDS
A
- CD4 count less than 200/ul
- Appearance of at least one opportunistic infection during immunocompromised state
8
Q
How to diagnose HIV
A
ELISA (anti p24 antibody)
Western blot (p24, gp41, gp120)
PCR
