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Virus > Herpes > Flashcards

Herpes Flashcards

1
Q

How many types of human herpesvirus are there?

A

8
Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV1)
Herpes Simplex Virus 2 (HSV2)
Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV)
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Human herpes virus type 6 (HHV6)
Human herpes virus type 7 (HHV7)
Human herpes virus type 8 (HHV8)

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2
Q

Does herpes virus have latency?

A

Yes

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3
Q

What is the primary site of HSV 1 infection?

A

Lips (80%)

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4
Q

What is the primary site of HSV 2 infection?

A

Genitalia (80%)

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5
Q

What are some of the pathologies associated with the herpes simplex virus?

A
  • Vesicular eruption
  • Encephalitis

Early inlusion:
- Cowdry type A inclusion body

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6
Q

Where does HSV 1 persists lifelong (latent state)?

A

Trigeminal ganglia

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7
Q

Name 3 infections caused by HSV1

A

1. Acute herpetic gingivostomatitis (esp in young children)
2. Herpes Labialis (cold sore)
3. Keratoconjunctivitis
4. Herpetic whitlow

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8
Q

What is the commonest recurrent disease from reactivation of HSV in trigeminal ganglion?

A

Herpes Labialis (affect lips)

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9
Q

What is the commonest primary disease of HSV1?

A

Acute herpetic gingivostomatitis

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10
Q

How is Acute herpetic gingivostomatitis spread?

A

Kissing

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11
Q

Characteristics of Acute herpetic gingivostomatitis

A
  • Vessicals on buccal mucosa
  • Gums ulcerate with grey slough
  • fever
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12
Q

What test can be done to diagnose acute necrotizing encephalitis?

A

PCR for HSV
CSF for lymphocytosis

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13
Q

What infections does HSV 2 cause?

A
  1. Herpes progenitalis
  2. Neonatal herpes
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14
Q

Where does HSV 2 latency stays in the body?

A

Lumbar and sacral ganglion

(think of lower body)

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15
Q

What is a common STI caused by HSV 2?

A

Herpes progenitalis

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16
Q

How is neonatal herpes transmitted?

A

From birth canal of mother

17
Q

How can neonatal herpes be prevented?

A

Offer caesarian delivery

18
Q

What is used to treat HSV and given as prohphylaxis in immunocompromised patients?

A

Acyclovir

19
Q

2 ways HSV is transmitted

A

Sexually and perinatally

20
Q

What is the virus that cause chickenpox?

A

(Varicella) Zoster Virus

21
Q

What is the virus that cause shingles?

A

Varicella (Zoster) Virus

22
Q

What is the incubation period of Varicella

A

2 to 3 weeks

23
Q

Symptoms of varicella

A
  • Fever
  • Crops of vesicles in waves more on trunk than limbs

(more severe in adult than children)

24
Q

Complications of Varicella

A
  • Skin superinfection (staphylococci or streptococci)
  • pneumonia
25
Q

Can varicella be pass form mother to neonate?

A

Yes, transplacental infection in early pregnancy. (RARE: Congenital Varicella)

26
Q

Does previous infection with varicella confers life-long immunity to zoster?

A

No

27
Q

What is given as prophylaxis in exposed high risk patients for varicella?

A

Varicella Zoster Immune globulin (VZIG)

28
Q

Characteristics of Zoster

A

Belt of roses
Vesicles are more evenly distributed as it corresponds to one or more sensory root ganglia

29
Q

Treatment for Zoster

A

IV Acyclovir

30
Q

How to prevent zoster?

A

Herpes Zoster vaccine (Shingrix)

31
Q

Diagnosis of VZV

A
  • Microscopy / Nucleic Acid Amplification Test
  • Serology
  • Culture
32
Q

Is Cytomegalovirus CMV a congenital infection?

A

Yes, fetal may be infected following maternal viraemia in any trimester of pregnancy

33
Q

What is CMV called when it becomes severe?

A

Cytomegalic inclusion disease

34
Q

One characteristics of Cytomegalic Inclusion disease

A

Enlarged cells with large intranuclear “owl’s eye” inclusions

35
Q

How to diagnose CMV?

A

NAAT
Blood smear

36
Q

How to treat CMV?

A

Gangiclovir
CMVIG prophylaxis to organ recipients receiving from infected donors

37
Q

Where does EBV replicate?

A

B lymphocytes causing B cells proliferation

38
Q

What is EBV associated with?

A

EBV is a oncovirus and most common cause for
infectious mononucleosis.

May cause cancers like:
- Burkitt Lymphoma
- Nasopharyngeal carcinoma

39
Q

How to diagnose EBV?

A
  • Blood smear
  • NAAT

Virus (5 decks)

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