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3. Y5 Zero to finals: O&G > HIV > Flashcards

HIV Flashcards

1
Q

How many people in the world have HIV?

A

37 million ppl

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2
Q

How does HIV replicate in the human immune system?

A

Using host CD4 T helper cells

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3
Q

What are the stages of HIV infection? (3 steps)

A
  1. Seroconversion: Flu-like illness (within 2-6 weeks of inf)
  2. Latent phase (Asymptomatic)
  3. Immunodeficiency –> AIDS (after 10 years)
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4
Q

How is HIV spread? (3 things)

A
  1. Unprotected anal / vaginal / oral intercourse
  2. Vertical transmission: Mother to child @ pregnancy / birth / breastfeeding
  3. Sharing needles / blood splashed in eye
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5
Q

What are the RF groups for HIV? (4 things)

A
  1. MSM
  2. IV drug users
  3. Being in high prevalence area
  4. Africa :(
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6
Q

What groups can the CF of HIV be divided into? (2 things)

A
  1. Seroconversion stage CF
  2. Symptomatic stage CF (after latent phase)
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7
Q

What are the Seroconversion stage CF of HIV? (6 things)

A
  1. Fever
  2. Malaise
  3. Pharyngitis
  4. Lymphadenopathy
  5. Muscle aches
  6. Maculopapular rash
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8
Q

What are the CF of the Symptomatic stage (after latent stage) of HIV? (4 things)

A
  1. Fever
  2. Weight loss
  3. Diarrhoea
  4. Frequent minor infections (e.g herpes zoster / candidiasis)
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9
Q

What the FIRST line investigation for HIV?

A

Fourth generation tests

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10
Q

What are the Fourth generation tests that are done for HIV?

A

ELISAs testing for serum / salivary HIV antibodies + p24 antigen

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11
Q

How long after exposure do Fourth generation tests give reliable results?

A

4-6 weeks after exposure

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12
Q

What is the Mx option for HIV?

A

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART)

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13
Q

What is important to note about HAART for HIV? (2 things)

A
  1. It doesn’t cure it
  2. It reduces viral load to UNDETECTABLE LEVELS in serum
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14
Q

What is good about having Undetectable levels of HIV in serum? (2 things)

A
  1. Excellent prognosis
  2. Reduced risk of transmission
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15
Q

What tests are included in the monitoring of HIV? (6 things)

A
  1. CD4 count
  2. HIV viral load
  3. FBC
  4. UnE
  5. Urinalysis
  6. LFTs
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16
Q

What precautions can be taken to reduce risk of Vertical transmission during / after pregnancy? (3 things)

A
  1. Antenatal antiretroviral therapy @ pregnancy + delivery
  2. X Breastfeeding
  3. Neonatal post-exposure prophylaxis

3. Y5 Zero to finals: O&G (27 decks)

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