HIV Flashcards

1
Q

What can AIDS also be referred to as?

A

Late-stage HIV

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2
Q

What type of virus is HIV?

A

RNA retrovirus

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3
Q

What is a retrovirus?

A
  • a virus that creates a DNA copy of its own RNA inside the host cell.
  • inserts the DNA into host cell nucleus for integration
  • changes genome of host cell
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4
Q

How many people die of AIDS per year?

A

Roughly 3 million

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5
Q

What are the two types of HIV?

A

HIV-1
HIV-2 (only really found in west Africa)

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6
Q

What’s the risk of vertical transmission of HIV?

A

15% (goes up to 25% with breastfeeding)

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7
Q

What are the three main types of T-cell?

A
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8
Q

what cells are primarily affected in HIV?

A

CD4+ T-cells

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9
Q

What are four major cell types that have CD4 receptors (can be targeted by HIV)?

A

CD4+ T-cells
macrophages
monocytes
neurones

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10
Q

What test is used in hospitals to screen for HIV?

A

antibody blood test

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11
Q

what test can be used for HIV that will pick HIV up in earlier stages of infection?

A

p24 antigen test

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12
Q

If you want to find out the viral load of HIV a patient has what test would you use?

A

PCR test for HIV RNA

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13
Q

What’s the normal range for CD4+ T helper cells?

A

500 - 1200 cells/mm^3

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14
Q

What range of CD4+ T helper cells would classify the infection as AIDS?

A

<200 cells/mm^3
(normal = 500 - 1200)

(nb patient also has AIDS if they have an “AIDS defining illness” such as Kaposi’s sarcoma i.e opportunistic infections)

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15
Q

During which weeks after infection do you see a spike in HIV RNA associated with HIV syndrome (with flu like symptoms)

A

3-9

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16
Q

During what time frame do you see clinical latency with HIV infection (i.e patient is asymptomatic)

A

9 weeks up to 15 years (can develop into third stage HIV anywhere between 2-15 years)

17
Q

What are the five classes of Highly Active Anti-Retrovirus Therapy (HAART) Medications?

A
  • PIs (Protease Inhibitors)
  • IIs (Integrase Inhibitors)
  • EIs (Entry Inhibitors)
  • NRTIs (Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors)
  • NNRTIs (Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors)
18
Q

Why is HIV treated with a triple drug therapy?

A

As HIV is highly mutagenic and can quickly develop drug resistance

19
Q

What combination of HAART is usually used to combat HIV?

A
20
Q

What three types of HAART are used in post-exposure prophylaxis of HIV?

A

NRTI e.g emtricitabine
NRTI e.g tenofovir
IE e.g raltegravir

21
Q

What are the three stages of HIV infection?

A

1 - seroconversion (acute HIV syndrome)
2 - clinical latency (asymptotic infection)
3 - AIDS

22
Q

What are the three ways HIV can be transmitted?

A
  • unprotected sex
  • vertical transmission
  • mucous membrane or open wound exposure to infected bodily fluids
23
Q
A
24
Q
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25
Q
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26
Q
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27
Q
A
28
Q

Name three at risk groups for HIV

A

MSM (men who have sex with men)
IVDU (intravenous drug users)
commercial sex workers

29
Q

What age group do 50% of HIV infections occur worldwide?

A

19-24 years old

30
Q
A
31
Q
A