HIV

Question 1

Disease

Answer 1

AIDS

Question 2

Transmission

Answer 2

Blood transfusion
Dental procedure
Barber shop instrument
Drug abusing (injection)
Body fluids

Question 3

Characteristics

Answer 3

Enveloped virus
++ RNA diploid
Retroviral Genes

1. GAG gene:
   Encodes core protein:
   P17 and P24
2. POL gene :

• Reverse transcriptase
+ RNA to +/- RNA DNA hybrid
Bifunctional enzyme : make and break RNA DNA hybrid

•Integrase
Integrate viral DNA into host Cell DNA
Cut by restriction
Join by ligase

•Protease
Break large polypeptide

3. ENV gene
   Produce Gp160
   -GP120 attachment
   -GP40 penetration

Accessory Gene:
Tat imp for replication
ReX
NEF downgrade MHC
Vif
Vpr
Vpu

Question 4

Pathogenisis

Answer 4

• It targets Helper T lymphocytes (TH-17) having chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CCRS5
• also damages monocytes but it heavily targets TH-17
• Also downgrades MHC protein
• infect lymphnodes

Due to this activity Immune system becomes compromised