HIV

Question 1

treatment

Answer 1

1. Binding - HIV binds to receptors on the CD4 cell surface CCR5 antagonist , Post-attachment inhibtors/entry inhibitors
2. Fusion - HIV envelope and CD4 cell membrane join allowing hIV to enter fusion inhibitors
3. Reverse transcriptase - HIV releases this and uses it to make HIV DNA from RNA - this allows it to enter the nucleus and combine with the cells DNA Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibtors NNRTIs and also nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibtors NRTIs
4. Integration - HIV release integrase to insert viral DNA into DNA of cd4 cell Integrase inhbitors –> raltegavir
   inteGRase - gravir - raltegravir
5. Replication - long chains of HIV protein made building blocks for more HIV
6. Assembly - New HIV proteins and HIV RNA move to surface and assemble into immature noninfectious HIV
7. Budding - newly formed immature HIV pushes itself out of host cd4 and release HIV protease which breaks the long chain in the immature virus creating the mature infectious virus = protease inhibtors PIs

Question 2

example of integrase inhibitor

Answer 2

raltegravir

Question 3

example of NRTi

Answer 3

zidovudine, abacavir and lamivudine

Acting as a chain-terminator to stop reverse transcription is incorrect

Question 4

NNRTIs

Answer 4

Blocking the action of reverse transcriptase is incorrect

nevirapine and efavirenz.

Question 5

example of protease inhibitors

Answer 5

Blocking the action of viral proteases is is performed by protease inhibitor drugs, including indinavir, nelfinavir and ritonavir. These drugs inhibit HIV protease, which is essential for the HIV life cycle.

Question 6

entry inhibitory drugs

Answer 6

Preventing HIV from entering cells is incorrect - examples of entry inhibitor drugs are maraviroc and enfuvirtide. The former binds to CCR5 whilst the latter binds to GP41.