HIV 1 and 2 Flashcards
Immune system components specific for HIV
Inflam and phago
- neutrophils
Antibody production
B cells
Antigen specific cytotoxicity
CD8 T cells
K lymphocytes
Non antigen specific cytotoxicity
NK cells
Cytokine mediated immune reg
CD4 T cells
Draw B cell clonal activation
Lecture Slide
*occurs in secondary lymphoid organs
CD8 t cell clonal activation
Lecture Slide
*in secondary lymphoid organ
CD4 t cell clonal activation
Lecture Slide
*In secondary lymphoid organ
Role of cytokines
Flow chart
- Phagocytes (leading to phagocytosis and inflammation) or can cause inflammation
- B cells and plasma cells - antibodies
-CD4 cells release cytokines
- CD8 cells activating NK causing cytotox OR activate NK cells
HIV and CD4 T Lymphocytes
HIV infection
Viral replication
CD4 presents MHC 1 (HLA-A, B, or C)
This presented to cytotoxic T cell TCR and binds to Cyto T cells CD8 cuasing activation and killing effect
Stages of HIV infection of CD4 cells
- GP120 binds to CD4 CCR5 (some people lack CCR5 which limits infection with HIV)
- A conformational change occurs allowing the virus to envelope to fuse with lymhocyte (caspid and RNA enter the cell)
3.Inside the lymphocyte the capsid is digested and reverse transcriptase (present in virion) makes a DNA copy of RNA - Viral DNA is removed from RNA by RNAself and enters the nucleus. Intergrase opens the host DNA and intergrates viral DNA into the host genome
- Viral DNA in nucleus is transcribed and viral RNA is translated into viral proteins (eg Gp120, capsid, reverse transcriptase)
6.After virus assembles and buds off T cell protease trims and organises other enxymes. Creating mature HIV particles. T cells destroyed by budding of virus or adaptive immune response
Outcomes of HIV infection and replication
Depletion of T helper cells AND immune system actuvation
- bone loss, heart disease, neurological defeciets
CD4 levels and HIV viral load throughout HIV
Lecture Slide
Managment of HIV
- Maintain health (exercise, sleep, eat well, reduce alcohol intake, no smoking, living circumstances, get on with life, stop HIV replication)
- prevent/reduce transmission (safe sex, condoms, stop HIV replication)
Current treatment
Targets anti-retroviral drugs
1. Fusion (enfurvitide (injection)
2. Reverse transcriptase (tenofovir)
3. Intergrase (dolutegravir)
4. Protease (atazanavir)
Detect HIV
Detect ab against HIV (can get false pos)
HIV PCR (only done to rule out false positive from serology)
Window period
- what is it
-how long is window period
11 days from infection to when the body makes ab
