Activities of pathogens 1 Flashcards
What is a virus
- what is a submicropscopic virus
A nucleic acid wrapped in a protein shell formed from viral proteins
Unable to self replicatte: Protein synthesis, derive energy, nucleic acid
Label parts of non enveloped and enveloped virus
Lecture Slide
Surface viral proteins
Proteins/Enzymes
Protein Capsid
Nuceluic acid (RNA or DNA)
Classification of virus
- Structural
- Eg Hep B is a partially DS DNA RT non envelped icosahedral virus - hepahavirus - Disease
Eg Viral hepatitis is commonly cause by 3 unrelated virus (hep A, B, C) but there are also less common ones - Transmission
Resp viruses cause resp illness
Viral Cell cycle
- Binding
- Cell entry
- Uncoating
- Replication of proteins and nucleic acids
- Assembly
How does virus cause disease
Activating immune system and causing damage to human cells
Specific diseases that are
a result of tropism
Resp virus bind to molecules on the surface of resp epithelial cells
- RHinovirus binds to either ICAM-1 or the LDL receptor on the surface of cells (adenoids increase ICAM-1). Rhonvirus replicates at 33-35 degrees, not at 37 and remains confined to airways
Eg HIV and Gp120 and CD4 receptor
How can the immune system be triggered
Chemicals (cytokines) released by cells as virus damages cell and exits
Viral proteins displayed on surface proteins that indicate the cell is infected or withdrawl of self proteins (MHC1) indicate cell stress
Outcome of immune system activation
- INCREASED conc of systemtic cytokines, which interact with other cells/tissues
- IL-6 released by macophages interact with cells in the hypothalamus to generate fever
Symptoms related to this: Fever, aches, pains, loss of hunger, fatigue, sense of illness - Further damage to infected tissues and cells
- Damage to cells in airways caused by rhinovirus AND the immune system cause inflammation
Mediciation for colds
Aspirin
ibuprofen
acetaminophen
Ways in hospital to reduce transmission
Hand hygeiene, patient placement, enviro cleaning, waste managment, re processing of reusable equipemtn, decomamination fo spills, cough etiquette, safe disposal of sharps
PPE - gowns, gloves, mask, repsirator
Transmission types for infectious disease
-2 types (sub types as well)
-examples
- Direct - person to contact sick person (touching, cough/sneeze, vertical transmission, sex)
- Indirect: transmission by other source
- touching contaminated surface, ingesting food/water, inhale airborne particles, vector, contaminated medical device, blood transfusion
-Eg: Flu, HIV, rhino, TB, chicken pox
