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Hitler's Foreign Policy And The Origins Of WW2 Flashcards

0
Q

When did hitler become chancellor?

A

January 1933

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1
Q

What were the 3 main aims of hitler’s foreign policy?

A

1) Make Germany a great power
2) Unite all German speaking nations

3) Create ‘lebensraum’
- retake the land taken by TOV

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2
Q

When did Hindenburg die?

A

August 1934

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3
Q

What did hitler do when Hindenburg died?

A

Combined president and chancellor into one role to become a dictator

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4
Q

What was the first area of land that hitler took back after the treaty?

A

The Saar

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5
Q

When was the plebiscite in the Saar?

A

January 1935

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6
Q

What was the result of the plebiscite in the Saar?

A

90% in favour of Germany, 10% in favour of France

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7
Q

During the disarmament conference, when did the Germans walk out because other countries refused to disarm to the level of Germany?

A

July 1932

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8
Q

Why did the Germans walk out of the disarmament conference in July 1932?

A

Other countries refused to disarm to the level of Germany

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9
Q

What promise did hitler make at the disarmament conference in may 1933?

A

He would not rearm if “in 5 years time all other nations had destroyed their arms”

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10
Q

When did hitler withdraw from the disarmament conference?

A

October 1933

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11
Q

When did Germany withdraw from the League of Nations?

A

14th October 1933

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12
Q

What happened in 1923 that meant France did not want to act alone to enforce harsher treatment of Germany?

A

They had tried to act against Germany in 1923 in the Ruhr when they fell behind on reparations but this method failed.

It led to 8 months of strikes and violence, which resulted in the death of 132 people

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13
Q

Give 2 consequences of the disarmament conference

A

1) it contributed to the USSR going the League of Nations
- they feared a stronger Germany

2) France increased conscription from 12 months to 18 months

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14
Q

When was Germany’s 10 year non-aggression pact with Poland signed?

A

January 1934

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15
Q

Why was the 10 year non-aggression pact with Poland signed? (3)

A
  • Hitler hoped to weaken the alliance between France and Poland
  • To reduce Polish fears of German aggression

•To show that Germany wanted no quarrel with Poland
-only the USSR

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16
Q

When was the anglo-German naval treaty signed?

A

18th June 1935

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17
Q

What was the anglo-German naval agreement?

A

Britain’s permission for Germany to rebuild their navy as long as it didn’t surpass 35% of the British fleet.
(They were allowed the same number of submarines)

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18
Q

What was the main consequence of the Anglo-German naval agreement?

A

Britain accepted a clear breach of the Treaty of Versailles which weaken the stressa front

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19
Q

What orders did hitler give his military generals in 1933?

A
  • prepare to treble the size of the army to 300,000

* Air Ministry to build 1000 new war planes

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20
Q

What year did hitler introduce conscription?

A

1935

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21
Q

When did hitler announce his ‘peacetime army’ and what size would this force allegedly be?

A

1935

550,000

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22
Q

What was the Stressa front?

A

An alliance between Britain, France and Italy against German aggression

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23
Q

When was the stressa front formed?

A

14th April 1935

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24
How many battleships did Germany have in: a) 1932 b) 1939
a) 30 | b) 95
25
How many aircraft did Germany have in: a) 1932 b) 1939
a) 36 | b) 8250
26
How many soldiers did Germany have in: a) 1932 b) 1939
a) 100,000 | b) 950,000
27
When was the first attempted Anschluss?
1934
28
Who was Dollfuss?
Austrian Chancellor in 1934
29
When and why was Dollfuss murdered?
25th July 1934 | -because Hitler encouraged the Austrian nazi party to rebel in an attempt for an Anschluss
30
Why was hitler prevented from succeeding in an Anschluss in 1934?
Mussolini moved troops to the frontier of Austria. At this point hitler's forces were too weak so he had to back down
31
Who was schuschnigg?
Austrian chancellor 1934-1938
32
What were the terms of the Austro-German agreement?
* It recognised the independence of Austria but Austria's foreign policy had to be consistent with Germany's * It allowed nazis to hold official posts in Germany
33
When was the Austro-German agreement signed?
1936
34
Why did schuschnigg sign the Austro-German agreement?
He hoped to appease hitler
35
Which nazi official became chancellor of the interior in Austria?
Seyss Inquart
36
When did schuschnigg order the plebiscite in Austria?
9th March 1938
37
When did hitler bring troops to the border of Austria and threaten invasion if schuschnigg did not resign?
10th March 1938
38
When did German troops enter Austria with seyss inquart as chancellor?
12th March 1938
39
Why did schuschnigg accept Hitler's demands of resignation so easily?
He knew he would not receive help from Britain or France due to their policy of appeasement and desperation to avoid war; or Italy due to hitler's alliance with Mussolini
40
What did the German plebiscite in | Austria after the Anschluss show?
99% in support of Anschluss
41
How did the Anschluss benefit hitler (5)
• Economically - resources such as iron and steel • Militarily - larger army • 'Injustice' overcome without opposition - increased confidence * Germany now had land on 3 sides of Czechoslovakia * Proved the value of his alliance with Mussolini
42
When was the remilitarisation of the Rhineland?
7th March 1936
43
How many German troops entered the Rhineland?
22,000
44
What were the consequences of the remilitarisation of the Rhineland?
• Hitler successfully reversed the treaty - confidence to take back more territory (Danzig and polish corridor) • Hitler's image as führer - proved generals wrong • Rome-Berlin axis ⬇️ •End of Stressa front • Britain made some moves towards rearmament -(appeasement made this difficult) * French began to build Maginot line * Together, with Abyssinia this marked the end of the League of Nations
45
When was the Spanish civil war?
1936-39
46
How was the Spanish civil war beneficial to Hitler?
* Strengthened the relationship between Hitler and Mussolini * Provided an opportunity for Hitler to test his army, weapons and tactics as well as giving his troops experience of war
47
Who was Joseph Goebells?
Worked with Hitler to create propaganda from the remilitarisation of the Rhineland
48
When was the Rome-Berlin axis signed?
25th October 1936
49
What was the anti Comintern pact?
An alliance between Germany, Italy and japan against communism - primarily the USSR
50
When was the anti Comintern pact signed?
25th November 1936
51
What were the arguments for appeasement? (6)
* Did not want a repeat of WW1 * Many believed the Treaty of Versailles was too harsh on Germany * Some thought communism was the biggest threat to European peace and hitler was very anti-communist * Britain was not ready for war * Sufferinf from economic depression and wanted to stay away from unnecessary foreign affairs * Spanish civil war showed how powerful Germany were and how horrific way could be
52
How long did the policy of appeasement last?
1935-38
53
What were the arguments against appeasement?
* Gave time for Hitler to build forces and become stronger * It was weakness and cowardice as it allowed Germany to break international agreements such as the terms of the Treaty of Versailles and the Lacarno pact •Chamberlain misjudged Hitler -appeasement simply encouraged Hitler to believe he could do anything •They missed opportunities to stop Hitler which could have prevented WW2 -e.g Rhineland
54
How many German speaking people inhabited the Sudetenland?
3 million
55
Describe what happened in the Sudetenland?
* Hitler ordered Henlein (leader of Sudeten Germans) to stir up trouble in the Sudetenland. * German newspapers produced allegations of crimes committed by Czechs against Sudeten Germans * Hitler threatened war if solution was not found
56
How did the Sudetenland crisis lead to the Munich agreement?
* Chamberlain persuaded Czech president Beneš to accept self government for the Sudetenland. * He reluctantly agreed but then Hitler produced new demands claiming that it should be part of the German Reich * Beneš refused these demands
57
What date did Beneš refuse Hitler's demands for the Sudetenland to become part of the German Reich? Where did this happen?
22nd September 1938 - Godesberg
58
Who was Beneš?
President of Czechoslovakia
59
Who was Henlein?
Leader of Sudeten Germans
60
When was the Munich agreement?
29th September 1938
61
Which countries met at Munich and who were their representatives?
* Britain - Chamberlain * France - Daladier * Germany - Hitler * Italy - Mussolini -Czech representatives were not invited
62
What was the result of the Munich agreement?
Czechs were forced to hand the Sudetenland to Germany and a commission was set up to decide precisely which territory the Czechs would lose
63
What were the results of the Munich agreement?
* Czech government humiliated * Vital area of Sudetenland was lost and in October & November 1938, Hungary and Poland also occupied parts of Czech territory * Czechoslovakia lost its defensive border and 70% of its industry * Britain and France had again given into Hitler
64
Why did Chamberlain return to Britain a hero after meeting with hitler after the Munich agreement?
Chamberlain had apparently saved Europe from war He and Hitler agreed that: •They would not go to war •Hitler promised Germany would not take the rest of Czechoslovakia
65
Who was Daladier?
French president during Sudetenland crisis
66
When did Hitler invade Czechoslovakia?
15th March 1939
67
What were the consequences of the invasion of Czechoslovakia in terms of territories taken
* Bohemia and Moravia became German protectorates * Slovakia was officially independent but was controlled by Germany * Ruthenia was handed over to Hungary
68
Hitler forced the Lithuanians to hand over which Baltic town? When was this?
1) Memel | 2) March 1939
69
When did general Franco take power in Spain?
April 1939
70
What country did Mussolini invade in 1939? What month was this?
1) Albania | 2) May 1939
71
When was the pact of steel signed?
22nd May 1939
72
What was the term of the pact of Steel?
Germany and Italy would act side by side in future events
73
What were the consequences of the pact of steel?
* End of appeasement * France an Britain began to rapidly rearm * France and Britain looked to the USSR for support against Germany
74
When did general Franco's forces take power in Spain?
April 1939
75
Why did Britain and France look for an agreement with the USSR?
The distance between France and Britain and Poland meant that they couldn't realistically provide practical support in the event of a conflict so the USSR was the only power that had any chance of preventing Hitler
76
When was the nazi soviet pact signed?
23rd August 1939
77
Who signed the nazi soviet pact?
German Foreign Minister - Ribbentrop Soviet Foreign Minister - Molotov
78
What were the terms of the Nazi-Soviet Pact?
* Soviets and Germans agreed not to fight each other in the event of war in Europe * Both powers secretly agreed to divide up Polish territory should war occur * Hitler helped Stalin to occupy part of Romania and the Baltic States of Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia
79
How did the Nazi-Soviet Pact benefit Hitler?
Removed the threat of war on 2 fronts Gave him the opportunity he needed to deal with Poland, despite threats coming from Britain and France
80
What gave hitler the confidence to invade Poland?
* Didn't have to worry about a soviet attack * British and French guarantees of support to Poland in April 1939 were too late to convince him that they were really willing to go to war * Policy of appeasement showed that they would do anything to avoid another war with Germany * Even if war occurred, Britain and France were too far away to provide practical support
81
Which countries did Britain and France give guarantees of support to? When was this?
Poland, Greece and Romania April 1939

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