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N5 History > Hitler and Nazi germany > Flashcards

Hitler and Nazi germany Flashcards

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1
Q

what was germanys reaction to the treaty of versailles?

A
  • they felt humiliated
  • ‘stabbed in the back’
  • called the government ‘November Criminals’
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2
Q

what were problems germany faced after ww1?

A
  • bankrupt
  • flu epidemic
  • lack of food
  • coal in short supply
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3
Q

what were some terms of the treaty of versailles?

A
  • pay £6.6 billion in reparations
  • army reduced to 100,000
  • navy reduced to 6 battleships
  • war guilt clause: had to take full responsibility for the war
  • ## airforce and submarines forbidden
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4
Q

strengths of the weimar republic?

A
  • bill of rights: freedom of speech and religion
  • men + women over 20 could vote
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5
Q

weaknesses of the weimar republic?

A
  • people highly suspicious of the new government
  • proportional representation: made it difficult to make decision between parties
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6
Q

what attempts were made to overthrow the weimar republic?

A

Munich putsch
Spartacist and Revolt

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7
Q

what was the munich putsch?

A
  • Nov 1923 Hitler and supporters enter meeting in a beer hall in munich
  • Hitler fires a gun
  • He held government officials at gunpoint but they refused to join him
  • army ordered to put nazis down
  • hitler arrested: sentenced to 5 years but only served 9 months
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8
Q

who were the spartacists?

A

Spartacists
- communists who wanted to overthrow the weimar, wanted germany to be run by working classes, didn’t support reichstag believed only supported needs of the rich

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9
Q

who were the freikorps?

A
  • ex ww1 soldiers that were angry about loss of the war and the TOV
  • believed that germany was betrayed by the communists
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10
Q

what was the spartacist revolt?

A

Jan 1919
- 100,000 spartacist supporters took over Berlin
- supporters gave up and went home
- freikorps called in by government and they killed 700 including spartacist leaders

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11
Q

what was the aftermaths of the spartacist revolt?

A

communists and socialists never trusted each other again, these two groups could have joined together to stand against the nazis

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12
Q

what were economic problems germany faced?

A
  • hyperinflation
  • 1929 wall street crash
  • ruhr crisis
  • 1923 dawes plan
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13
Q

what were the effects of hyperinflation?

A
  • couldn’t physically carry enough money
  • prices rise a few times a day
  • savings and pensions became worthless
  • used money notes as wallpaper, toilet paper and toys
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14
Q

what was the 1929 wall street crash?

A
  • US economy collapses: worldwide depression
  • unemployment in germany reached 6 million
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15
Q

what was the ruhr crisis?

A
  • Germany doesn’t keep up reparation payments.
  • French and Belgian troops invade the Ruhr
  • Ruhr Workers told to go on strike
  • Less goods being produced = prices rise.
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16
Q

what was the dawes plan?

A
  • USA lends money to germany
  • french and belgian troops leave ruhr
  • new currency introduced: rentenmark
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17
Q

what was hitlers leadership like?

A
  • charismatic and passionate public speaker
  • used the jews and communists as scapegoats
  • offered solutions to people problems
  • sympathised with struggles of the german people
18
Q

what promises did hitler make to germany?

A
  • destroy the treaty of versailles
  • increase employment
  • stop immigration
  • increase wages
19
Q

what was the reichstag fire?

A
  • reichstag burns down
  • blamed on communist found in building with matches
  • people through nazis started the fire
  • hitler announced it was start of a communist plot to take over germany and used article 48
  • communists accusted and 4000 arrested
  • communists kicked out of parliament 1 week before elections so couldn’t campaign
20
Q

what was the 1933 enabling act? (nazi consolidation of power)

A

it gave hitler the power to freely pass laws without consulting the reichstag

21
Q

what was the concordat 1933? (consolidation of power)

A

treaty between nazis and catholic church agreed to not interfere with each other

22
Q

what was the night of the long knives? (consolidation of power)

A
  • hitler worried about opposition with nazi party, thought the SA could start a revolution against him
  • SS assassinate SA leaders
23
Q

what else happened during nazi consolidation of power?

A
  • hitlers government replaced other members of coalition and senior servants with nazis
  • political parties banned
  • trade unions banned
24
Q

who are the SS? (stick)

A

hitler personal bodyguards

25
Q

who were the gestapo? (stick)

A

the nazis secret police, spied on people and could arrest and detain anyone considered a enemy of the state

26
Q

what was the strength through joy KdF? (control of germany)

A

-gave workers rewards for work like cheap holidays, picnics, theatre trips
- way of controlling what the population did in free time

27
Q

what were concentration camps? (stick)

A
  • run by SS, hold political prisoners without trial
  • work in horrendous conditions
28
Q

what was the german labour front? (carrot)

A
  • replace trade unions
  • protects the rights of workers, issues of pay and working hours
29
Q

what was the german labour service? (carrot)

A
  • compulsory for all men 19-25 to work for the government for 6 months
  • construction of the autobahn (motorway that would run throughout germany)
  • employed thousands of germans
30
Q

what were other forms of control in nazi germany?

A
  • radios sold but could only access german nazi stations
  • censorship, burned 20000 books, non nazi newspapers and magazines closed down
31
Q

what were the nuremberg laws?

A
  • a “Jew” is someone with 3/4 jewish grandparents
  • identify cards stamped with a J
  • jews couldn’t marry german citizens
  • jewish doctors couldn’t treat non jews
  • jewish children banned from schools
32
Q

what was the kristallnacht?

A
  • Nov 1938: homes, businesses destroyed
  • 10 jews killed
  • 30,000 jews sent to concentration camps
33
Q

what were ghettos?

A
  • used to segregate jewish population
  • enter aces guarded by SS
  • not allowed to leave
  • overcrowded
34
Q

why was there so little opposition to the nazis?

A
  • fear of gestapo, SS, concentration camps
  • censorship of the media
  • propaganda
  • trade unions banned
35
Q

what did the swing kids do for opposition?

A
  • met up in dance halls and listened to jazz and swing music
  • followed british and american culture
  • challenged nazi image of youth - grew hair and wore trendy clothes
36
Q

what did martin niemollar do for opposition?

A
  • niemollar spoke out against the nazis
  • he was arrested and sent to a concentration camp
37
Q

what did youth groups do for boys?

A
  • train boys as future fighters and so,diners for the nazis
  • by 1936 it was compulsory for all children over 10
  • boys practised military drills, went hiking and camping
  • often present at nazi party rallies and marches like nuremberg rallies
38
Q

what did youth groups do for girls?

A
  • aged 10-14 were taught how to become good mothers and housewives
39
Q

what was education like?

A
  • nazis took control of the education system to develop young adults who believed fully in Nazi ideals
  • the head of education got rid of anyone who spoke out about nazis
  • boys and girls separate classes
  • boys trained to be workers and soldiers
  • girls had to take domestic subjects like cooking and sewing
40
Q

what was the role of women? (kirche)

A
  • housewives and mothers
  • get married at a young age to a ‘proper’ german
  • centre of family life
  • good christian values
  • traditional plain clothing
41
Q

what was the role of women? (kinder)

A
  • birth rate had fallen hugely and germany wanted a high birth rate to increase population
  • law for enforcement of marriage, loan of 1000 marks and can keep 250 marks for each child they had
  • awarded with mothers cross to women who had given birth to may children
42
Q

what was the role of women? (kuche)

A
  • strongly discouraged women from working
  • law for the reduction of unemployment gave women incentives to stay at home
  • female doctors, teachers etc forced to give up careers to look after their husbands and families

N5 History (3 decks)

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