Era of the great war

Question 1

what factors helped promote recruitment?

Answer 1

Pals Battalions
- more willing to join up with friends
Patriotism
- duty to defend your country
Propaganda
- 54 million posters
- public meetings and speeches by famous scot’s to join up
Adventure
- made it look like a adventure

Question 2

what was life like in the trenches?

Answer 2

Weather
- wet, muddy, cold
Disease
- trench foot, trench mouth, trench fever, dysentery
Fear of death
- see friends die
- constant explosions, shell shock
Pests
- rats spread disease and stole food
- lice in air and clothes which was itchy and uncomfortable

Question 3

what were the advantages and disadvantages of planes?

Answer 3

+ used to spy on enemies
- obvious target
- easily shot down

Question 4

what were advantages and disadvantages of machine guns?

Answer 4

+ quick to reload
+ 600 bullets per minute
- overheated
- 2-3 people to operate

Question 5

what were advantages and disadvantages of gas?

Answer 5

+ cleared large areas quickly
+ caused fear and panic
- could blow back in troops due to wind
- less effective once gas masks made

Question 6

what are advantages and disadvantages of tanks?

Answer 6

+ cross no man’s land barbed wire
+ fear and surprise
- very slow 4mph
- overheat
- unreliable breaks down easily

Question 7

what are some tactics soldiers used?

Answer 7

Gas barrage
- gas sent out in 2 clouds (1st smoke, 2nd toxic gas)
- soldiers may remove mask after 1st attack
Tunelling
- dig under no man’s land under enemy trenches
- effective as explosions killed thousands
- less effective as it took a long time to dig

Question 8

what was the purpose of DORA?

Answer 8

to focus people’s effort on war

Question 9

what were terms under DORA?

Answer 9

Prevent food shortages
- can’t feed bread to animals
Prevent spying/ improve security + secrecy
- no pigeons without a license
- no bonfires or fireworks
Takle lateness
- beer watered down
- pub opening hours restricted
- british summer time introduced

Question 10

what was rationing for in ww1?

Answer 10

• government concerenced food shortages would lead to starvation
• priority was to provide food to so,diners as the front, means food shortages at home
• lack of food being produced on farms, workers + horses were being used on front line
• rationing became compulsory: ration cards
• womens land army provided voluntary labour on farms

Question 11

what jobs did women do to replace men on the front line?

Answer 11

Munitions factories
- 1M women, TNT poising turned skin yellow, many died, dangerous work
Womens Land Army
- 250,000 worked in farms to reduce food shortages
Other roles
- police officers
- nurses on frontline
- transport (train drivers, ticket conductors)

Question 12

who were the conscientious objectors?

Answer 12

the people who refused to fight in britain
Moral
- believed it was wrong to take a life
Religius
- believed it was against their religion to kill eg Quakers

Question 13

what treatment did the conscientious objectors receive?

Answer 13

• spat on in the street
• harassed in public
• seen as cowards
• assaulted
• given white feathers

Question 14

what did propaganda do?

Answer 14

• encourage men to join the war
• encourage women to join the workforce
• promoted strong anti german feelings

Question 15

what was conscription?

Answer 15

• military service act 1916, all dingle men aged 18-41 have to join
• numbers of volunteers falling, conscription introduced
• medically unfit exempt
• reserved occupations - eg doctors, teachers, coal miners etc exempt also

Question 16

what were reserved occupations?

Answer 16

• needed men to stay in certain jobs
• could NOT be called up

Question 17

what effect did the war have on industries?

Answer 17

Shipbuilding
- pre war on verge of closing
- during war industry boomed, build hundreds of ships
- after war decline as no orders
Coal
- pre war produced a lot of coal
- during war gov took control of mines, demand high, higher wages, boom as coal vital die wwalin factories
- after war gov no longer controlled mines, demand decreased, strikes because of wage cuts
Fishing
- pre war very important, 32,500 men employed
- during war north sea closed as german naval attacks, boats taken over by navy, herring trade lost
- after war herring trade lost, damaged boats

Question 18

what was homes fit for heroes?

Answer 18

• after war people who served reserves a reward for their efforts
• Addison act aimed to build 500,000 homes in 3 years
• less than half actually built
• Wheatley housing act more houses to be built with indoor toilets, electricity and garden

Question 19

what were rent strikes?

Answer 19

• thousands of workers move to cities
• demand for houses increased, created shortage
• landlords raised rents and threatened to evict people who couldn’t pay
• hoped women wouldn’t ‘give in’ as men were at war
• made it hard for police to carry out evictions as blocked stairwells and threw flour bags at them
• factory owners worried as men went on strike to show support
• rent restriction act introduced which frozen rents

Question 20

who were the suffragists?

Answer 20

• peaceful persuasion
• tactics: marches, wrote letters to MSPs
• convinced people women were responsible and deserved the vote
• too peaceful and didn’t gain enough attention

Question 21

who were the suffragists?

Answer 21

• more violent
• tactics: blew up post boxes, hunger strikes in prison, broken windows, lured acid on go,d courses
• many were imprisoned
• kept in the public eye
• gained sympathy due to experience in prison
• tactics made them seem unstable, irrational