Era of the great war Flashcards

1
Q

what factors helped promote recruitment?

A

Pals Battalions
- more willing to join up with friends
Patriotism
- duty to defend your country
Propaganda
- 54 million posters
- public meetings and speeches by famous scot’s to join up
Adventure
- made it look like a adventure

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2
Q

what was life like in the trenches?

A

Weather
- wet, muddy, cold
Disease
- trench foot, trench mouth, trench fever, dysentery
Fear of death
- see friends die
- constant explosions, shell shock
Pests
- rats spread disease and stole food
- lice in air and clothes which was itchy and uncomfortable

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3
Q

what were the advantages and disadvantages of planes?

A

+ used to spy on enemies
- obvious target
- easily shot down

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4
Q

what were advantages and disadvantages of machine guns?

A

+ quick to reload
+ 600 bullets per minute
- overheated
- 2-3 people to operate

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5
Q

what were advantages and disadvantages of gas?

A

+ cleared large areas quickly
+ caused fear and panic
- could blow back in troops due to wind
- less effective once gas masks made

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6
Q

what are advantages and disadvantages of tanks?

A

+ cross no man’s land barbed wire
+ fear and surprise
- very slow 4mph
- overheat
- unreliable breaks down easily

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7
Q

what are some tactics soldiers used?

A

Gas barrage
- gas sent out in 2 clouds (1st smoke, 2nd toxic gas)
- soldiers may remove mask after 1st attack
Tunelling
- dig under no man’s land under enemy trenches
- effective as explosions killed thousands
- less effective as it took a long time to dig

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8
Q

what was the purpose of DORA?

A

to focus people’s effort on war

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9
Q

what were terms under DORA?

A

Prevent food shortages
- can’t feed bread to animals
Prevent spying/ improve security + secrecy
- no pigeons without a license
- no bonfires or fireworks
Takle lateness
- beer watered down
- pub opening hours restricted
- british summer time introduced

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10
Q

what was rationing for in ww1?

A
  • government concerenced food shortages would lead to starvation
  • priority was to provide food to so,diners as the front, means food shortages at home
  • lack of food being produced on farms, workers + horses were being used on front line
  • rationing became compulsory: ration cards
  • womens land army provided voluntary labour on farms
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11
Q

what jobs did women do to replace men on the front line?

A

Munitions factories
- 1M women, TNT poising turned skin yellow, many died, dangerous work
Womens Land Army
- 250,000 worked in farms to reduce food shortages
Other roles
- police officers
- nurses on frontline
- transport (train drivers, ticket conductors)

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12
Q

who were the conscientious objectors?

A

the people who refused to fight in britain
Moral
- believed it was wrong to take a life
Religius
- believed it was against their religion to kill eg Quakers

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13
Q

what treatment did the conscientious objectors receive?

A
  • spat on in the street
  • harassed in public
  • seen as cowards
  • assaulted
  • given white feathers
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14
Q

what did propaganda do?

A
  • encourage men to join the war
  • encourage women to join the workforce
  • promoted strong anti german feelings
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15
Q

what was conscription?

A
  • military service act 1916, all dingle men aged 18-41 have to join
  • numbers of volunteers falling, conscription introduced
  • medically unfit exempt
  • reserved occupations - eg doctors, teachers, coal miners etc exempt also
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16
Q

what were reserved occupations?

A
  • needed men to stay in certain jobs
  • could NOT be called up
17
Q

what effect did the war have on industries?

A

Shipbuilding
- pre war on verge of closing
- during war industry boomed, build hundreds of ships
- after war decline as no orders
Coal
- pre war produced a lot of coal
- during war gov took control of mines, demand high, higher wages, boom as coal vital die wwalin factories
- after war gov no longer controlled mines, demand decreased, strikes because of wage cuts
Fishing
- pre war very important, 32,500 men employed
- during war north sea closed as german naval attacks, boats taken over by navy, herring trade lost
- after war herring trade lost, damaged boats

18
Q

what was homes fit for heroes?

A
  • after war people who served reserves a reward for their efforts
  • Addison act aimed to build 500,000 homes in 3 years
  • less than half actually built
  • Wheatley housing act more houses to be built with indoor toilets, electricity and garden
19
Q

what were rent strikes?

A
  • thousands of workers move to cities
  • demand for houses increased, created shortage
  • landlords raised rents and threatened to evict people who couldn’t pay
  • hoped women wouldn’t ‘give in’ as men were at war
  • made it hard for police to carry out evictions as blocked stairwells and threw flour bags at them
  • factory owners worried as men went on strike to show support
  • rent restriction act introduced which frozen rents
20
Q

who were the suffragists?

A
  • peaceful persuasion
  • tactics: marches, wrote letters to MSPs
  • convinced people women were responsible and deserved the vote
  • too peaceful and didn’t gain enough attention
21
Q

who were the suffragists?

A
  • more violent
  • tactics: blew up post boxes, hunger strikes in prison, broken windows, lured acid on go,d courses
  • many were imprisoned
  • kept in the public eye
  • gained sympathy due to experience in prison
  • tactics made them seem unstable, irrational