History: WW1-WW2 Flashcards
Who was WW1 fought between?
Allies: Britain, France, Russia (later Italy, USA)
Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman
What brought USA into war in 1917?
German submarines targeted American ships bringing supplies to Britain / France
Give the main details of the Gallipoli War
- Lasted 1915-16
- British/French vs. the Ottomans
- Aim: to capture Constantinople and open Dardanelles for access to Russia
- Ended in stalemate and evacuation
Who was one of the main players for the Ottomans at Gallipoli (became a national hero)?
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
Who was the USA President at the time of WW1?
Woodrow Wilson
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What did Woodrow Wilson try to set up after WW1?
Leage of Nations
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Who took a different view from Woodrow Wilson on how to organise the world after WW1?
French Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau, focus on how to weaken Germany
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Who was the Russian Civil War between (and who led each side)?
- Bolsheviks (Lenin)
- Mensheviks (Martov and Axelrod)
Give the main points ot the Treaty of Versailles.
5 key points
- End of WW1
- Germany loses territories in Europe and all its overseas colonies
- Reduction in size of German army
- Germany accepts guilt and makes reparations
- Esablishment of League of Nations
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What major blow happened against the League of Nations from its start?
US did not join (Senate defeated the proposal to join)
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What was the name of Germany’s parliamentary democracy after WW1?
The Weimar Republic
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Summarize the main points of the Great Depression
- 1929-39
- Stock market crash (speculative bubble collapses) of ~90%
- Bank failures
- Decline in economy by 15% (global GDP)
- Unemployment of ~25% in USA
- Reductions in International Trade
What caused German hyperinflation after WW1?
- Heavy burden of reparations
- Government prints money to pay back the loans
When did Hitler come to power?
1933
What is fascism?
- Far-right
- Authoritarian
- Ultranationalist
- Characterized by a dictatorial leader,
- Centralized autocracy
- Militarism
- Forcible suppression of opposition
- Belief in a natural social hierarchy
- Subordination of individual interests for the perceived good of the nation or race,
- Strong regimentation of society and the economy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fascism
When did Stalin succeed Lenin?
1924
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In the early 1930s Japan attacked China and set up a puppet state in which region?
Manchuria
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Why was the Chinese Qing dynasty toppled in 1912?
- Failure to modernize
- Foreign encroachments on Chinese sovereignty
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Mussolini invaded which country in 1935?
Abyssinia (Ethiopia)
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The world’s policy of turning a blind eye to international aggression is known as what?
Appeasement
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Germany’s policy of gaining living space for “Aryan” Germans in the late 1930’s was called what?
Lebensraum
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Summarize the main German annexations/invasions leading up to WW2
- Reoccupation of Rhineland (1936)
- Annexation of Austria (Anschluss) (1938)
- Sudetenland Crisis (1938)
- Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1939)
- Invasion of Poland (1939)
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What was the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact?
- Named for foreign ministers of Soviet Union and Germany
- 1939
- Germany and the Soviet Union signed a non-aggression pact
- agreed that they would not attack each other and secretly divided the countries that lay between them
- One week later, Germany invaded Poland and two weeks later, the Soviet Union attacked Poland in the east
When did Churchill take over?
May 1940
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