History Test (American Revolution) Flashcards
1
Q
What is the year (start to finish) of the American Revolution?
A
1775-1781
2
Q
After the French and Indian War, why were the colonists angry with the British?
A
The colonists were angry at the British because it was the end of salutary neglect and the colonists had to pay many taxes to pay off the French and Indian War debt.
3
Q
Evaluate how salutary neglect benefitted the colonists.
A
Salutary neglect benefitted the colonists because they got to be ignored by King George III as well as Britain which helped the colonists be independent from their mother country and not be taxed. However, salutary neglect does not benefit the colonists because in the end they had to pay for the French and Indian War through taxes and salutary neglect came to an end due to Britain’s debt. Overall, salutary neglect did benefit the colonists while it lasted because of the disregard of King George III, not being unified with one another, and not having to pay taxes.
4
Q
What did the British government impose? Did the colonists have consent?
A
The British Parliament in London (led by Prime Minister George Grenville) imposed new laws, taxes, and restrictions without the colonists input. (No taxation without representation.)
5
Q
What was the sugar act? Where was it coming from?
A
A tax on sugar and molasses- used to make rum. The West Indies (a British colony) had sugar and molasses.
6
Q
What kind of tax was the sugar act?
A
An external tax.
7
Q
Why did the British specifically tax sugar?
A
The British specifically taxed sugar because the British colony, the West Indies had sugar and molasses, so because the British had a lot of sugar and molasses they wanted to benefit by making money from taxing the sugar.
8
Q
Analyze why the colonists feel that they had the right to be represented in Parliament. (The Sugar act lowered the prices for molasses, but taxed sugar.)
A
The colonists felt that they had the right to be represented in Parliament because they felt that the Sugar Act violated their rights as legal British citizens. James Oties then went on to argue with the Parliament stating that the British government does not have a right to tax the colonists due to no representation to debate the tax. Lastly, the colonists felt that their input was not included in the Parliament’s decision of the Sugar Act.
9
Q
What is the currency act?
A
The colonists have to use sliver or gold coins, not paper money.
10
Q
Why did the British force the colonists to use silver and gold coins?
A
The British forced the colonists to use silver and gold coins because it kept the colonies dependent on the British, helped Britain establish a standardized currency, and benefitted the British economy. (Was easier)
11
Q
What year was the Sugar Act and Currency Act?
A
1764
12
Q
What is the Quartering Act? Where did the colonists sleep?
A
Colonists must open their houses to allow British soldiers to stay in them. The colonists slept on the floor.
13
Q
What does the Quartering Act lead to?
A
Leads to the 3rd Amendment created in 1789, after the American Revolution when the colonists were U.S citizens.
14
Q
Explain the 3rd Amendment.
A
The Third Amendment is how you do not have to open your house and let a stranger sleep in it.
15
Q
What is the Stamp Act and give examples of what had to be stamped?
A
A colonist must pay for a stamp to be put on all paper goods. Ex, newspapers, writing paper, legal documents, playing cards, etc.
16
Q
How did the Stamp Act impact the colonists?
A
The Stamp act impacted the colonists because it eventually starts the rebellion and independence from Britain for the colonists.
17
Q
Why did the British choose paper to impose the Stamp Act?
A
The British choose paper because paper is something the British did not have a lot of, but the colonists did. The British’s master plan was that if they had the colonists put a stamp on all paper goods, the British would benefit from the colonists money spent on stamps.
18
Q
How were the British merchants hurt by the Stamp Act? Think about boycotts.
A
The British merchants were hurt by the Stamp Act because the colonists stopped all purchasing of goods from Britain, which can affect the flow of money for the merchants as well as the British economy.
19
Q
Why did the Stamp Act really anger the colonists?
A
The colonists were used to governing their own colonies/laws etc.
20
Q
Boycott and who does a boycott hurt?
A
A protest in which citizens decide not to buy a product from another country. A boycott hurts an economy on purpose and also hurts middle class.
21
Q
What does Patrick Henry say? Who is he like? What does he encourage?
A
Patrick Henry says, “Give me liberty or give me death.” He dramatic like Ben Franklin. He encourages a boycott of British goods.
22
Q
What are some countries that the U.S is currently boycotting and why?
A
The U.S is boycotting Russia due to them invading Ukraine, Aran due to their nuclear weapons, North Korea, etc.
23
Q
Fully explain: “No taxation without representation.”
A
No taxation without representation is a saying that means the government has no right to tax a citizen without their approval and representation in any shape, way, or form.
24
Q
Explain the following, “Taxation without representation is tyranny.” James Oties
A
James Oties is stating that if the Parliament taxes without anyone to represent the colonists point of view, the Parliament is abusing its power.
25
The Sons of Liberty lead what and was lead by who? =
The Sons of Liberty organized protest, boycotts and they were lead by Sam Adams. The Sons of Liberty= Homespun.
26
Who were the customs officials?
Looked to see if you had any smuggled goods or goods without stamps. The colonists hated the customs officials and were tarred and feathered.
27
Why did GB repeal the Stamp Act? Think Ben Franklin.
Britain feared that if they did not listen to repealing the Stamp Act by Ben Franklin's request that the Albany Plan of Union would cause the colonies to unite and rebel.
28
What was the message of the Declaratory Act?
The message of the Declaratory Act is that even though the Parliament repealed the Stamp Act does not mean they do not possess power and confirms that the Parliament will tax as it pleases.
29
What year was the Stamp Act and Quartering Acts?
1765
30
What year was the Stamp Act repealed and the Declaratory Acts came about?
1766
31
What is the Townshend Acts?
A tax on imported goods to the colonies-especially tea.
32
Tariff (Briefly Explain)
A tax on imported goods from government. Cheaper- the consumer gets all the money.
33
Where is the tea coming from?
The tea is coming from the East Indies (India) which is a British colony.
34
What are Writs of Assistance? What did it lead to?
The British could search homes for smuggled goods without a search warrant. It lead to the 4th Amendment.
35
What is the 4th Amendment?
The Fourth Amendment is how you have to have a search warrant to search for smuggled goods.
36
Why would the British government view the acts of the colonists as treason (betraying your country)? (Not Gaspee)
The British government viewed the acts of the colonists as treason because the British did not believe in boycotts or protesting due to the colonists not buying goods from their “mother country” and this affected the flow of money for the British economy.
37
Why would the colonists be upset about the British not being required to have a search warrant?
The colonists would be upset about the British not being required to have a search warrant because colonists believed that individuals should be notified about the custom of officials searching for taxable goods without a search warrant. This also began the decrease of popularity for the tax collectors and the escape of many due to threats on their lives.
38
The Writs of Assistance were unjust because..
Unfair to the colonists because where ever they went, they would be found guilty.
39
What unintended outcome does the Writs of Assistance lead to?
1. The colonists unify.
2. Psychological break- I can deal with this and they are starting to rebel.
40
What did the Committees of Observation do? What was it..
They were colonists who kept an eye out on each colony to make sure the colonists were boycotting goods. It was intimating.
41
Where the colonists loyal to the colony or Britain? - Is an example of...
Peer-pressure. "Group Think". Going with the crowd.
42
Background of the Boston Massacre, what did the British do to intimidate the colonists?
The British soldiers (Redcoats) arrived in Boston basically to remind the colonists that they were British subjects.
43
What did the Redcoats do that really angered the colonists?
The Redcoats hired themselves out as workers due to being paid poorly by the British. They worked for less money than the colonists allowing the jobs to hire the British because they were cheaper.
44
What year was the Boston Massacre?
1770
45
What had the colonists done to the British Soldiers and as a result what happened?
Someone threw a snowball at the British soldiers- what it nails or ice? As a result, 5 colonists were killed.
46
Was the Boston Massacre really a massacre? Explain. Also give an example of what it whas?
The Boston Massacre was not really a massacre because the soldiers did not intend to slaughter the British citizens, the accident was all out of personal fear and peer-pressure. Also, the murder of the five British citizens was not an absolute amount of individuals being killed and was not tremendously violent. (Click Bait)
47
Why did Sam Adams call the incident that happened in Boston a "massacre"?
Sam Adams called the incident a massacre because he would receive more public sympathy if many people were killed.
48
John Adams defended the British soldiers. He said, “This is what democracy looks like.”
Explain what he meant.
When John Adams said, “This is what democracy looks like”, he meant that all people, even the soldiers should have a fair trial due to the democracy government and being just exemplifies a true self-government.
49
Why did John Adams defend the British soldiers in court? Who was he really trying to influence?
John Adams defended the British soldiers in court because Adams felt that in a true democracy, everyone should be represented. John Adams was really trying to convince the colonists to break away.
50
What did Sam Adams coordinate where the colonies could send information to each other about British actions?
Committees of Correspondence.
51
Why was Sam Adams called a firebrand?
Sam Adams was called a firebrand because he convinces people to do something. (An influencer)
52
What was the verdict (decision of the judge) in the case against the British soldiers? What is another name for the British Soldiers besides Redcoats?
The verdict in the case was not against the British soldiers because they were found not guilty and their killing of the colonists was out of self-defense. Another name is Lobster Backs.
53
What did the colonists do in reaction to the verdict? ()
In response the colonists sunk/destroyed the British warship, the Gaspee. The Gaspee acted as a police boat and stopped smuggled goods from entering Britain. (British citizens destroying a British ship)
54
Why did the British get very upset by the colonists' response?
The British got very upset about the colonists response of treason and destroying their ship the Gaspee, so they could no longer search for smuggled goods.
55
What act the the British put in place? EXPLAIN THE ACT!
The British put in place the Tea Act where the BEIC tea was the only tea that could be sold in the colonies.
56
What is the tiny result of the Tea Act?
The colonists boycotted the buying of British tea.
57
What was the MAJOR response that the colonies had as a result of the Tea Act?
A major response was the Boston Tea Party, where the colonists cowardly dressed up as Native Americans and dumped the BEIC tea into Boston Harbor.
58
The British East India Company imported tea from the British colony of India to the colonists. Why did the British want a monopoly on tea?
The British wanted a monopoly on tea because in the event of a monopoly, all the countries would purchase tea from Britain due to the cheaper pricing than the tea that was smuggled.
59
Why did the Sons of Liberty dress as Native Americans?
The Sons of Liberty dressed as Native Americans because they wanted the British to believe that the Ingenious people dumped the tea into the Boston Harbor, to avoid getting caught or punished. Also, the Sons of Liberty wanted to retain the title of loyal British citizens.
60
What acts did the British put in place? What did the colonists call these same acts? Why would they call them different things?
The British put in the Coercive Acts, but the colonies called them the Intolerable Acts. They would call them different things because they have different point of views.
61
Why were the British so focused on Boston, Massachusetts? Who is from MA or what happened in MA?
The British were so focused on Boston, Massachusetts it is where all the trouble and rebellion began. Sams Adams was from MA. John Adams was from MA. Sons and Daughters of Liberty from MA. Boston Massacre in MA. Lastly, Boston Tea Party in MA.
62
Due to the Port of Boston being closed, what did the colonies do?
The 13 colonies traded with each other.
63
Why were the British opposed to town meetings?
The British opposed the colonists from town meeting to prevent the colonies from organizing and forming ideas of rebellion.
64
Why were the trials now in GB?
So, no British would get in trouble.
65
Why did the Quartering Act start again?
There was no 3rd Amendment yet.
66
The Massachusetts charter was revoked and what happened to the governor of Massachusetts?
The governor was stripped from his position and Massachusetts was put under control of Britain. (The crown)
67
Why was the Quebec Act put into place?
The Quebec act was put into place to intimidate and surround all the colonies, for no mishaps. Also ton make religious friction as well.
68
Which countries were supplying the colonists with goods? Why?
The countries that were supplying the colonies with goods were Spain and France. Spain because the colonists started buying coffee from Spain due to boycotting BEIC tea. The French because they wanted to get back at the British for losing the French and Indian War.
69
What unitended outcome did the Coercive Acts lead to?
The Coercive Acts unified the colonists because they saw the Parliament's enforcement as tyranny.
70
What did the colonists make in reaction to the Coercive Acts?
The colonists created the First Continental Congress in reaction to the Coercive Acts.
71
Why was the First Continental Congress held in Philadelphia and not Boston?
The First Continental Congress met in Philadelphia because there were too many loyalists in Boston and Boston is where all the trouble began.
72
Why was Georgia not present in the Continental Congress?
Georgia was fighting against the Indigenous people and needed supplies from Great Britain.
73
What were the two main outcomes of the First Continental Congress?
1. Boycotting the British's trade until the Intolerable acts are repealed.
2. Each colony began training troops- Miltia.
74
Why was there a distrust in the Continental Congress? () What year did it begin?
The colonies were afraid that they would end up with what they did not want, taxes and a centralized government. (Either for the good of the whole or not) It began in 1774.
75
What is a Social Contract?
A peoples agreement of shared values.
76
Who were the Tories/Loyalists? Liked?
Merchants who support the British due to their trade with the British because their wealth depended on GB. (Were not well liked by colonists)
77
Aside from riding his horse, how did Paul Revere warn the colonists that the British were coming by sea?
Paul Revere warned the colonists that the British were coming by putting two lamps in the Old North Church to indicate they were coming by sea.
78
What was the date of the first battle of the American Revolution?
April 19,1775
79
Where did the first battles of the American Revolution and which colony?
In Lexington and Concord, in the colony of Massachusetts.
80
What were the five major outcomes (in order) of the Second Continental Congress?
1. A continental army was formed. (Unified)
2. Paper money to pay the troops with a promise of future value.
3. The Olive Branch Petition.
4. The Declaration of Independence.
5. The Articles of Confederation.
81
What did King George III do once he heard about the First Continental Congress?
King George III sent British troops to America to fight against the colonists in war.
82
What was Britain fearful about when the 13 colonies rebelled? What effect?
Britain was fearful that their other colonies would follow the Americans by rebelling and demanding independence. Domino Effect!
83
What was the point of Thomas Paine's Common Sense pamphlet?
The point of Thomas Paine's Common Sense pamphlet was to have the Loyalists on the fence rebelling, to rebel with the colonists due to the British being tyranny.
84
What was the point of Candidus' Plain Truth pamphlet?
The point of Candidus' Plain Truth pamphlet was to counter argue Thomas Paine's pamphlet and to convince the Loyalists to not go through with rebelling against the British.
85
What is the Declaration of Independence to Britain?
A break up letter to Great Britain, NOT government instructions or framework of government.
86
What are the three parts of the writing portion of the Declaration of Independence?
1. Preamble
2. Rights of Citizens
3. Wrongs commited by Britain.
87
Why was not Property included in the Declaration of Independence?
Property was not included in the Declaration of Independence because we did not want to go back to Primogeniture.
88
All men are created equal excludes..
Women, Blacks/Slaves, and Native Americans.
89
What three main ideas are apart of our social contract? (What is ours)
Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness. (The American Dream)
90
The American Dream is to..
Be slightly better off than your parents were.
91
What are the core principles of the Declaration of Independence? 1-()
1. People have basic rights that can't be taken away. -Codifed
2. Government exists for the people, not the other way around. Like Government is a necessary evil- Thomas Paine.
3. Explains why the break with Britain was necessary.
92
The American Revolution was successful and the colonists broke away from Great Britain all because of the..
Articles of Confederation. (Unified the colonies as one)
93
What was a MAJOR PART in the A.O.C.?
They established a post office- were able to communicate from afar and other colonies.
94
They also ____ Native Americans.
Regulated- Controlled by killing.
95
What were the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?
1. No leader (president)
2. No consistent courts (rule of law)
3. No way to collect taxes. (Centralized Government)
96
What does it mean Patriots were fighting for their ideals?
Patriots were fighting for a Democracy to represent their ideas and sense of fairness.
97
What is the spark of the American Revolution?
Lexington and Concord because in Concord the British retreat which gives the colonists confidence in thinking that they can actually win or have a chance.
98
What/When was the second fight of the American Revolution? What does it give the colonists?
June 1775, Bunker Hill. The colonists lost, but would have won if they had more ammunition- psychological win which boosts morale.
99
What/When was the third fight of the American Revolution?
December 25, 1776 in Trenton New Jersey.
100
In Trenton what 3 acts happened?
(What did Washington did and what did it lead to?)
1. Washington crossed the Delaware River from Pennsylvania.
2. Attacked the Hessians- German Mercenaries (Germans who hired themselves out as soldiers)
3. This win encouraged more Patriots to join the military.
101
What battle was the TURNING POINT of the war and where was it?
The Saratoga, New York battle in October, 1777.
102
Who is New England and how can you remember it?
Maine, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Hampshire, Vermont, and Rhode Island are New England. You can remember by the New England Patriot football team.
103
Who joined the colonists in Saratoga?
The French
104
Who was sent by the French to lead the Continental Army?
Marquis de Lafayette.
105
Where did Washington bring his troops after Saratoga? Who helped Washington train the soldiers?
Washington brought his troops to Valley Forge in Pennsylvania. His friend Von Steuben helped train the soldiers in new war methods.
106
Why did Benedict Arnold turn his command over to Britain? Wife?
1. He had fought for the continental army but was angry when he passed up for a promotion. He was given the command to the Military in West Point and planned on surrendering, but the British found out his plan.
2. His wife was a big spender and he was in debt because of her, so he fled to Britain.
107
What was the final battle of the American Revolution.
The Battle of Yorktown, Virginia.
108
When was the Treaty of Paris?
1783
109
What did the Americans agree to do in the Treaty of Paris? What did it run into problems with?
The Americans agreed to pay debts to British merchants and promised not to punish any loyalists who stayed in the U.S., which they ran into problems with the Articles of Confederation.
110
What did the France gift the colonists after a century of independence from Britain?
The Statue of Liberty.
111
Why were the farmer's being arrested?
1 and 2
The Farmer's were being arrested because they could not pay taxes on their land due to not being payed for fighting in the American Revolution.
1. Massachusetts charged taxes.
2. The centralized government could not collect taxes, but the 13 states could.
112
If men were arrested what did they lose?
The right to vote.
113
Who turned into a hypocrite? Why do we think he did? What did he want?
Sam Adams turned into a hypocrite due to having a higher title, senator of Massachusetts and he is greedy! He wanted the farmers to be arrested when all along he has been encouraging people to break away.
114
Who was asked to calm the rebellion? Why?
George Washington was asked to calm the rebellion because he was once in the military and he was trusted.
115
What proved that the Articles of Confederations were weak? Why?
Shay's Rebellion due to not being able to collect taxes to pay the veterans who served.
116
What was made as a revision of the Articles of Confederation?
The U.S Constitution was made as a revision of the A.O.C.
117
What did the colonists do with the silver and gold coins from Britain?
They coined the coins down and re-stamped the coins with a colonial stamp.
118
What was the main message to the colonists of Thomas Paine's Common Sense?
That the colonists had to government and taxes, but they would be independent from Britain.
119
What are the British's Advantages in the American Revolution?
They had a strong army, a strong navy, a paid military, the Hessians, and supplies/weapons.
120
What are the Patriot Advantages in the American Revolution?
They were fighting for their ideals, (The idea of democracy, independence, and freedom), knew the land, Guerilla warefare (strategy of fighting), the French helps due to losing the French and Indian War, and the Indigenous People helped (Independence Eventually).
121
Can a government be tyrannical without the use of a military? If so, why?
A government can't be tyrannical without the use of a military because they will not have anyone to back up their threats.
122
_ Represent (hint: type of government)
Republic
123
Who was Crispus Attucks?
A free black man and was the first casualty of the American Revolution.
124
What was the First Continental Congress hopeful about?
That maybe the colonists did not have to break away from Britain.
125
The Tories (merchants that support the British) did not want to...
Be in control.
126
What is "The shot heard around the world" mean?
The start of the American Revolution, shows the colonies are rebelling, and because Britain had colonies around the world.
127
What were the Patriots known as?
They were known as minute men- were ready to fight at all times.
128
What is called when the colonists are not trading with Britain? (Second Continental Congress)
A blockade.
129
Was the Second Continental Congress just one meeting?
No, it was many many meetings they just stopped counting.
130
What did Slaves think that made them fight for the colonists?
The Slaves thought that the Declaration of Independence applied to them, which is why the slaves fought for the colonists.
131
Who was trying to attack the colonists? Why? (Getting back at who)
The Indigenous people were trying to attack the colonists because the British were expanding their territory and indicated that there were many conflicts of land with the Native Americans. (The Indigenous people were getting back at the British for being marginalized).
132
What trigged the Declaration Of Independence?
Lexington and Concord.
133
Embargo
Refuse to trade with other countries .(Government Imposed)
134
How did Paul Revere get his name in the newspaper even though he rode less than a woman? ()
Paul Revere was friends with the owner of the newspaper, so he was able to be recognized for riding. (Influencers)
135
What is Confederation?
13 individual states work as one for a short amount of time.
136
What is a revolution?
Key idea: Change!
-A cruel and oppressive government.
-Tyranny
-Advancement of ideas (technology)
-Fashion
137
Throughout history there have been many revolutions. Name one? Influenced by who?
The French Revolution influenced by the colonists.
138
Revolutions are often started by who?
Why?
They are started by young people who reject tyranny or have nothing to lose!
139
What could the British do to get out of debt? (Start of American Revolution)
1.TAX THE COLONISTS!!!
2.The colonists were also forced to buy goods only from British territories!!
140
Who is a modern day firebrand?
Greta Thunberg.
141
If a colonists was found with smuggled goods, he would be put on trial in a British court in the colonies. With who and what cause?
1.British judge
2.No lawyer
3.Held in jail for a long time
142
What were the British disadvantages in the American Revolution?
3,000 miles from Britain,
soldiers were poorly paid,
not fighting for their ideals,
some liked what they saw- no primogeniture.
143
What were the colonists disadvantages in the American Revolution?
Loyalists/Tories,
soldiers had to learn how to fight together, not paid,
had to check on their farms.
144
Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?
Thomas Jefferson with the help of others.
145
Articles of Confederation..
Created an army
Authorized the coining of money and purchasing of supplies
Stated that all the state legislatures would pay for the costs of the war
The government could declare war and make peace (Great Britain)
The government could make foreign treaties and alliances (France)
Establish a Post Office
Regulate the Native Americans
146
Where did the men get the idea of Confederation from?
The men of the Second Continental Congress got the idea of the confederation from the Native Americans.
147
The colonists accepted that they would have to pay taxes and there would be a centralized government when they broke from Great Britain. Why?
They believed that democracy would instill a social contract.
148
What did the French supply the colonists with?
WEAPONS, GUNPOWDER AND MONEY TO BUY SUPPLIES!!!
149
Who does Washington allow to fight?
Alexander Hamilton, "his right hand man."
150
Explain the relationships of the Declaration of Independence, Articles of Confederation, and The US Constitution to the colonies.
Declaration of Independence: The colonies break up with Great Britain.
Articles of Confederation: The colonies are dating.
The US Constitution: The states are married and have unified laws.
151
Who were the scape goats? (Boston Massacre)
The Sons of Liberty for dressing up as Native Americans to not get punished.
