History Test 2/3/23

Question 1

Toll

Answer 1

A tax paid at the town gate, by anyone who wanted to sell goods in the town

Question 2

Charter

Answer 2

A contract where the town was granted freedom to run its own affairs but had to pay taxes to the king. A Corporation was elected to run the town.

Question 3

Curfew

Answer 3

At sundown people had to put out there fires because the houses were made of wood at they didn’t want them to catch fire

Question 4

Pottage

Answer 4

Porrage mixed with vegetable stew that peasants ate

Question 5

Fallow

Answer 5

The field that was left empty so that it could recover its soil.

Question 6

Commons

Answer 6

It was the fourth large field used for grazing the animals that belonged to the peasants

Question 7

Crop rotation

Answer 7

The crop planted in each field changed each year. In one field that planted wheat, in the second they planted barley and oats and the third field was left fallow

Question 8

Feudalism

Answer 8

The system of land ownership where rulers divided land among their followers in return for loyalty taxes

Question 9

Serf

Answer 9

A serf was a type of peasant. Serfs essentially belonged to the lords and had to work on the lords land

Question 10

Freeman

Answer 10

A freeman was a type of peasant. A serf would become a freeman if they ran away and didn’t get caught for a year and a day.

Question 11

Fief

Answer 11

Land that nobles or vassals were given

Question 12

Vassals

Answer 12

Followers of rulers who divided land among them in return for loyalty and taxes

Question 13

Oath of fealty

Answer 13

Swore it to the king, promising to fight for him, provide him with troops and pay hin taxes.

Question 14

Features of a castle

Answer 14

Drawbridge, keep, tower/turret, Bailey, moat, porticullis, curtain wall, battlements

Question 15

Dowry

Answer 15

Sum of money or land paid to the groom

Question 16

Page stage

Answer 16

Stage 1 of becoming a knight. At the age of 7 a boy would be send to live with the family of another lord. He would learn to ride a horse, use a sword, sing and dance. He was taught manners and household chores by the lady of the castle.

Question 17

Squire stage

Answer 17

At the age of 14 the boy began learning to fight on horseback. He would help the lord in battle by looking after his horse and weapons and help the lord dress for tournaments and battles .

Question 18

Knight stage

Answer 18

At the age of 21 the boys would be allowed to become a knight. He spent the night before the ceremony in prayer in the chapel. Then dresses in a white robe and full armour, he took part in the ceremony of dubbing. He swore the oath of chivalry and the lord touched him on the shoulders with a sword and told him arise, sir knight.

Question 19

Dubbing

Answer 19

A ceremony boys took part in when they were becoming a knight.

Question 20

Oath of chivalry

Answer 20

To stay loyal to his lord, protect the poor and weak and be brave in battle.

Question 21

Tithe

Answer 21

A tithe is a one-tenth part of something, paid as a contribution to a religious organization or compulsory tax to government.

Question 22

Guild

Answer 22

The craftsmen of each town formed guilds, organisations of people who worked in the same trade Guilds charged a fee for membership. A guild set standards for the quality of members’ work (you could be fined for substandard work), set prices and wages, decided who could trade in the town and cared for old and sick members and for the families of dead members.

Question 23

Apprentice

Answer 23

Boys usually took up their fathers trade. Having begun in his fathers workshop, a boy became an apprentice at around 12. He lived with a master craftsman, slept in the workshop, received no pay and was often treated harshly.

Question 24

Journeyman

Answer 24

After about 7 years an apprentice would become a journeyman and was treated more fairly and got paid for his work and could travel to different workshops and towns for work and experience. Eventually he would apply to become a master craftsman. He created a masterpiece and would be judged on it by the guild who decided if it was good enough. If he was accepted he could open his own workshop and train apprentices and sell him work.

Question 25

Buildings in the monastery

Answer 25

There was a chapter house, almonry, dormitory, cloisters, churches refectory, infirmary, hostel in the monastery

Question 26

Novice

Answer 26

A boy who wanted to become a monk would join a monastery as a novice around the age of 15. There he was taught to live his life according to the Rule Of St Benedict p, the strict set of rules that monks had to live by. He learned to rad and write in Latin and would study church teachings and history.

Question 27

Solemn vows

Answer 27

Promising that he wouldn’t own anything

Question 28

Tonsure

Answer 28

The crown of his head that was shaved was called a tonsure and symbolised the crown of thorns worn by Jesus during the crusifiction.

Question 29

Habit

Answer 29

Monks garments

Question 30

Friars

Answer 30

Monks that preferred to live among the people so that they could be better help.

Question 31

Four humours

Answer 31

Bleeding, cupping, leeching, amputation.

Question 32

Bleeding

Answer 32

Cutting the patient and draining some blood.

Question 33

Cupping

Answer 33

Placing heated metal cups on the skin to draw fluids to the surface

Question 34

Leeching

Answer 34

Using leeches to draw blood or other fluids out of the body.

Question 35

Amputation

Answer 35

Cutting off a limb. This was done to stop infection spreading throughout the body.