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(1) VMED > History Taking & Physical Examination > Flashcards

History Taking & Physical Examination Flashcards

1
Q

How many minutes can you perform a thorough history and physical exam?

A

10-15 minutes

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2
Q

YES or NO
prefer to take the history prior to the examination

A

YES

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3
Q

Avoid leading questions (example: “You haven’t observed any change in appetite, have you?”

A
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4
Q

age, sex, breed

A

Signalment

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5
Q

Signalment

A

age, sex, breed

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6
Q

Usually want to address this with owner early so they are aware that you know the reason for the visit.

A

Chief complain

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7
Q

Body system review

A

Integument
Eyes and ears
Musculoskeletal
Cardiovascular
Respiratory
GI
Urogenital
Nervous

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8
Q

“any history of skin problems; i.e., fleas, allergies, hair loss …?”

Body system to be review

A

Integument

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9
Q

“any previous infections, hearing difficulties, sore eyes, head shaking…?”

Body system to be review

A

Eyes and ears

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10
Q

“any problems walking or climbing stairs?…”

Body system to be review

A

Musculoskeletal

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11
Q

“any coughing or weakness with exercise…?”

Body system to be review

A

Cardiovascular

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12
Q

“ever see runny eyes, runny nose, cough, sneeze…?”

Body system to be review

A

Respiratory

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13
Q

“how’s his/her appetite; any vomiting/diarrhea; foul breath…?”

Body system to be review

A

GI

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14
Q

“is he/she neutered/spayed; any discharges; how is his/her H20 intake -increased/decreased; how is his/her urination - same as always; intact female?…”

Body system to be review

A

Urogenital

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15
Q

“any history of seizures; tremors; weakness; collapse?…”

Body system to be review

A

Nervous

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16
Q

Physical Examination Tools

A

Stethoscope
otoscope
ophthalmoscope
penlight
pleximeter
hemostat
glove

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17
Q

Inspection from a distance:

A

Observe gait as animal enters room
Demeanor: shy, assertive, etc.
Mental status
Conformation and symmetry
Nutritional status
Neurological deficits
Visual deficits present Head tilt
Weakness

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18
Q

Close inspection

A

Socialize first
Proceed slowly, using least restraint necessary

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19
Q

uremic smells

A

NH3

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20
Q

sweet smells

A

acetone

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21
Q

-Use application of light finger pressure to the body surface to determine consistency of parts underneath. Trace structures, don’t grab them.

A

Abdominal Palpation

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22
Q

Techniques for Abdominal Palpation of Cats and smaller dogs

A

one hand

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23
Q

Techniques for Abdominal Palpation of Larger dogs

A

both hands

24
Q

Organs that are not palpable

A

liver, stomach, right kidney

25
Q

This organ may be palpable.

A

Left kidney

26
Q

Ability to palpate this organ is dependent upon degree of distension

A

bladder

27
Q

Primarily used for evaluation of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Can also be used in gastro-intestinal system.

A

Auscultation

28
Q

Bell for ______ sounds-heart

A

low-pitched

29
Q

Diaphragm for _______ sounds-airways

A

high-pitched

30
Q

blowing, like air through straw. Created by air moving through larger airways (sinuses, larynx, trachea, major bronchi)

A

Bronchial (tubular)

31
Q

Respiratory organs w/ loudest sound when auscult

A

larynx and trachea

32
Q

Thought to originate in part from separation and distention of alveoli by in-rushing air.
Increased vesicular sounds occur with intensified respirations (physiologic), increased respiratory excursions (e.g., from fever), emphysema (are harsh), developing bronchitis.

A

Vesicular sounds

33
Q

__________ sounds secondary to decreased expansion of a lung, pleuritis, consolidation, neoplasia, pneumothorax

A

Decreased sounds

34
Q

Abnormal sounds

A

adventitial sounds

35
Q

Abnormal sounds = adventitial sounds

A

Rales
Moist
Dry

36
Q

most prominent on inspiration but can be heard in both phases. Produced by exudate within air passages. May vary in intensity, temporarily relieved by coughing.

A

Rales

37
Q

fluid of low viscosity. Can be coarse, medium or fine

A

Moist

38
Q

vibration of sticky, tenacious mucus within large bronchi; in chronic respiratory conditions. May be hissing, squeaking or whistling

A

Dry

39
Q

between parietal and visceral pleura.

A

Pleural friction rubs

40
Q

Develop following chronic pleuritis when pleura is thick and dry. Not altered by coughing and best heard at periphery of lung fields.

A

Pleural friction rubs

41
Q

Detect presence of murmurs, other abnormal heart sounds, arrhythmias

A

Cardiac auscultation

42
Q

AV valve closure - louder, longer, lower pitched- “lub”

A

1st heart sound

43
Q

semilunar valve closure - softer, shorter - “dub”

A

2nd heart sound

44
Q

Interval between 1st and 2nd and shorter

A

(systole)

45
Q

1st heart sound

A

AV valve closure “lub”

46
Q

2nd heart sound

A

semilunar valve closure “dub”

47
Q

Interval between 1st and 2nd

A

systole

48
Q

Interval between 2nd and 1st

A

diastole

49
Q

point of maximal intensity (PMI) of valves should ausculted on __________. Auscult thoracic inlet.

A

left (pulmonic, aortic, LAV) and right (RAV)

50
Q

Characterize as to location, intensity, systole/diastole. Use bell and diaphragm as murmurs will differ in pitch.

A

Murmurs

51
Q

for low-pitched sounds-heart

A

Bell

52
Q

for high-pitched sounds-airways

A

Diaphragm

53
Q

Associated with hydrothorax, pneumonia, masses, hernia, effusions, cardiac paresis, obesity.

A

Muffled heart sounds

54
Q

Interval between 2nd and 1st sound

A

(diastole)

55
Q

Interval between 2nd and 1st sound

A

(diastole)

(1) VMED (4 decks)

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