History Study Guide For Finals

Question 1

A system of making many of the same items at the same time

Answer 1

Mass production

Question 2

A human made water way

Answer 2

canal

Question 3

To take over a territory

Answer 3

Annex

Question 4

The idea, popular in the 1800s, that the United States had a right to territory until it reached the Pacific Ocean

Answer 4

Manifest Destiny

Question 5

A line a wagon traveling as a group

Answer 5

Wagon train

Question 6

A common wagon on the westward trail, named after a type of sailing ship

Answer 6

Prairie schooner

Question 7

Unfair treatment because of race or potential religious beliefs

Answer 7

Persecition

Question 8

A flood of people into an area where gold has been discovered

Answer 8

Gold rush

Question 9

A system of carrying mail by horse used in the western United States

Answer 9

Pony express

Question 10

Built an improved cotton gin. This machine greatly reduced the time it took to separate seeds from the cotton plant and made cotton a very profitable crop

Answer 10

Eli Whitney

Question 11

Invented the mechanical reaper. This made cutting grain easier

Answer 11

Cyrus McCormick

Question 12

Inventing the sewing machine reduced the amount of time it took to sew an item of clothing.

Answer 12

Elias Howe

Question 13

Invented morse code, a system of dots and dashes used to send messages over wires

Answer 13

Samuel F.B. Morse

Question 14

Built the Clermont, a boat powered by a steam engine. Steamboats now carry goods more quickly

Answer 14

Robert Fulton

Question 15

Explain what the Industrial Revolution was. What changed in America?

Answer 15

• Shift goods by hand to machines
• Factory towns grew
• Workers moved from the country side to big cities

Question 16

What was the national Road? Where did it run from?

Answer 16

The National Road was a 66 foot wide highway that ran from Cumberland, Maryland to Vandalia, Illinois

Question 17

How did the Erie Canal change travel?

Answer 17

It cut travel time in half

Question 18

What was the first railroad in the United States?

Answer 18

The Baltimore and Ohio

Question 19

What did the Mexican government give Stephen F. Austin the right to do? Why did they do this?

Answer 19

They gave him the right to bring American families to Texas. They did this because they wanted more people to settle in Texas, work the land, and become Mexican citizens

Question 20

What was the Texas Revolution? Who was it between and what caused it?

Answer 20

The settlers in Texas missed the freedoms they left behind in the U.S. they wanted Texas to be independent from Mexico the Texas Revolution began in when Mexican government at troops and armed Texas clashed.

Question 21

Explain what happened at the battle of Alamo

Answer 21

The battle of Alamo was the turning point for Texas. The Texas forces were small, but they held off Santa Anna’s army for nearly two weeks. There were only 180 Texans at Alamo. But the Mexican troops eventually stormed the walls.

Question 22

When did Texas declare independence from Mexico? Who were the two men that led the government of the Republic of Texas?

Answer 22

Texas declared independence from Mexico on March 2, 1836. Sam Housten - President
Stephen F. Austin - Secretary of State

Question 23

When did Texas become part of the United States?

Answer 23

1845

Question 24

Who was John C. Fremont?

Answer 24

John C. Fremont was an important figure in helping the U.S. expand and settle more western territories.

Question 25

What was the Bear Flag Revolt?

Answer 25

The settlers in California wanted to be free from Mexican control. In 1846 they started to revolt. Settlers attacked Mexican troops and declared California to be an independent republic. It became known as the Bear Flag Revolt because of the Grizzly Bear on California’s flag.

Question 26

How long did the Independent Republic of California last?

Answer 26

three weeks

Question 27

What ended the Mexican War of 1848?

Answer 27

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalogo

Question 28

What allowed the United States to achieve Manifest Destiny?

Answer 28

The Aquas of the lands including Texas, Utah, California, Wyoming, Nevada, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona.

Question 29

Where were most wagon trains headed?

Answer 29

Most wagon trains were headed to California and Oregon.

Question 30

When did most pioneers begin their journey?

Answer 30

Spring

Question 31

A ________ was a wagon that had a cover on top to keep out the sun, large wheels which kept the wooden bed of the wagon out of the mud, and the bed of the wagon was water tight to help it float when crossing rivers.

Answer 31

Prairie schooner

Question 32

Where did the Oregon Trail begin? What route did it follow?

Answer 32

It began in Independence, Missouri, and it followed the Plate River to the Rocky Mountains.

Question 33

How long were most settlers on the Oregon Trail?

Answer 33

Six months

Question 34

Why did the Mormons travel west?

Answer 34

Religious freedom

Question 35

Who led the Mormons west? Where did they stop? What was this route known as?

Answer 35

Brigham Young led 150 Mormons. The route was known as the Mormon Trail, and they stopped at Great Salt Lake as what is know Utah.

Question 36

Where did the Southwest Trail begin and end?

Answer 36

It began in Independence, Missouri and ended in Mexico

Question 37

Who used the Southwest Trail the most?

Answer 37

Traders

Question 38

Why did the Southwest Trail become dangerous?

Answer 38

The trail became dangerous because of the American Indians increased their attacks because of their loss of territory.

Question 39

What was the Old Spanish Trail?

Answer 39

One trail called the Old Spanish Trail crossed the deserts and mountains of Mexico’s northern territory and ended in the small frontier town of Los Angelos.

Question 40

What was the California Trail?

Answer 40

Another trail called the California Trail followed the same route as the Oregon Trail through the eastern Rocky Mountains but split at the Snake River and went Southwest. It eventually ended in Sacremento which is now the capital of California.

Question 41

Who first discovered gold in California?

Answer 41

James Marshall

Question 42

What are prospectors?

Answer 42

Prospectors were people who searched for minerals

Question 43

Who are the forty-niners?

Answer 43

After the discovery of gold about 90,000 people arrived between 1848 - 1849 these settlers were called “forty-niners.

Question 44

What are boomtowns? What is an example of a boomtown?

Answer 44

Boomtowns are when miners would move in and make a mining camp when gold was discovered. A example of a boomtown is San Francisco. They also grew rapidly.

Question 45

What were some of the dangers that miners in California faced?

Answer 45

freezing streams, disease, poor diet, and accidents.

Question 46

Besides miners who found gold, who else benefited from the gold rush?

Answer 46

Merchants were benefited because miners were desperate for supplies so they sold their items for high prices.

Question 47

Who was Levi Strauss?

Answer 47

Levi Strauss was a Jewish entrepreneur that opened a store in San Francisco in 1853 he sold cloth, linens, anc clothing to miners and others. he also invented long lasting jeans.

Question 48

When did California become a state?

Answer 48

1850

Question 49

What was the Pony Express? Where did it begin? Explain how it worked.

Answer 49

The Pony Express was a system of carrying mail by horse. It began in St. Joseph, Missouri the way that it worked was riders raced 70-100 miles before passing off their mailbag to the next rider. It took them 10 days to reach California.

Question 50

What were the lasting effects of the gold rush on California?

Answer 50

• Lumber companies, ranches, and huge farms were developed to meet the needs of new residents. This created new jobs.
• By 1869, businesses in California could deliver goods to the East by train growing the state’s economy.