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History sac 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What were 3 key terms of the Treaty of Versailles?

A

Germany had to:
1. Pay war reparations
2. Give up territory to nations such as France and Poland
3. Disarm and reduce size of their army

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2
Q

When did the Weimar Republic stabilise?

A

1924-1929

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3
Q

Why was Nazi support dwindling?

A

Stability of Weimar Republic meant extremist groups were overlooked for more central stable parties.

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4
Q

What are 3 things the culture of the Weimar Republic focused on?

A
  1. Anti-war
  2. Live for today mentality
  3. Representing ordinary people and everyday themes
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5
Q

How was Berlin involved in the Weimar Republic? (culturally)

A

Exploded as a CULTRUAL HUB for artists after 1919 - happened due to loss of war being end of ‘old ways’ and new freedoms Germany gained.

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6
Q

How was Berlin involved in the Weimar Republic? (economically)

A

Berlin also became an ECONOMICAL HUB:
- Uni’s were open to all (notably Jewish people)
-9 Germans were awarded Nobel Prize’s, 5 of whom were Jewish

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7
Q

What are 2 negative effects of the Weirmar Republic?

A
  1. Germany was still HIGHLY CONSERVATIVE
  2. Movement was concentrated in a small group of the population
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8
Q

What was the significance of art in the Weimar period? (2 points)

A

Art was used for SOCIAL CRITICISM.

Ideas surrounding art evolved - views such as modernism and expressionism came forward.

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9
Q

Example of an art piece and its meaning

A

Otto Dix’s ‘To Beauty’
-critiques crippling affects of WW1 on SOCIAL LIFE in Berlin
-highlights aftermath of the first industrialised war

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10
Q

What is the role of the President?
PRE 1933 (2 points)

A
  1. Voted into the role
  2. Leads the country (stability)
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11
Q

What is the role of the Chancellor?

A
  1. Appointed by the President
  2. Leads the government
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12
Q

What is the role of the Reichstag?

A
  1. Parliament
  2. Creates Laws
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13
Q

What was the role of President and Chancellor POST 1933?

A
  1. Using the enabling act, Hitler placed all power with the Chancellor - could BYPASS Reichstag
  2. After von Hindenburg’s death, he took the role or BOTH Chancellor and President - had TOTAL CONTROL of Germany
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14
Q

What is hyperinflation?

A

When moneys value declines massively.

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15
Q

What are 2 effects of hyperinflation on Germany?

A
  1. 700,000 gov workers lost their jobs in order to save the gov money
  2. Middle class lost ALL its money - caused workers to be poorer and angrier at Republican gov
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16
Q

What is the ‘stab in the back’ myth?
What did it claim?
Who used this myth and why?

A

A conspiracy theory popularised in Germany following WW1.

Claimed Germany had not been defeated on the battlefield, instead destroyed by groups seen as ‘unpatriotic’ (JEWS, COMMUNISTS, REPUBLICANS).

Used by RIGHT wing politicians and military leaders to SHIFT BLAME for Germany’s defeat away from themselves.

17
Q

What was the Ruhr?

A

An major ECONOMIC AREA for Germany - close to the border with France.
Home to many coalfields which were vital to Germany’s INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION and, therefore, its ability to pay reparations.

18
Q

When was the French Occupation of the Ruhr?
What happened

A

Took place from Jan 1923 - Sep 1925.

France invaded the region to collect goods in order to pay for REPARATIONS that Germany had failed to pay.

19
Q

What were the 3 effects of the French Occupation?

A
  1. German’s organised PASSIVE RESISTANCE of doing little or no work - so France couldn’t steal their resources
  2. Goods in Germany became difficult to obtain, and very EXPENSIVE
  3. Gov printed more money to resolve the issue - led to HYPERINFLATION
20
Q

What are 3 key German Ideologies?

A
  1. Nationalism
  2. Anti-Marxist
  3. Anti-Semitism
21
Q

What is Nationalism?
How does it relate to Hitler?

A

The individual’s LOYALTY and DEVOTION to their nation surpasses other individual or group interests.

Relates to Hitler believing obeying the Treaty to be UNGERMAN.

22
Q

What is Anti-Marxism?
How does it relate to Hitler?

A

Opposed to or hostile toward Marxism.

Hitler despised communism and socialism - thought it was the opposite of German values, linked socialism with the Jewish people.

23
Q

What is Anti-semitism?
How does it relate to Hitler?

A

Prejudice against or hatred towards Jewish people.

Hitler used the ‘us vs them’ tactic to help secure power.

24
Q

When was the great depression?
What was it?

A

Lasted from 1929 - early 1940s

Severe worldwide economic downturn. Began with stock market crash in the US which led to sharp decline in stock prices. - people borrowed too much and thought they’d get richer.

25
Q

3 Effects of the great depression

A
  1. Unemployment
  2. Poverty
  3. Economic instability in Germany
26
Q

How did the great depression lead to people voting for the Nazi’s? (3 points)

A

Nazi’s CAPITALISED on the disillusionment.

Promised to provide ECONOMIC RELIEF to the struggling society.

Eroded trust - society felt the republic had failed them

27
Q

4 groups who voted for the Nazi’s and why

A
  1. Nationalists - Also wanted to restore Germany’s glory
  2. Anti-communists - Feared Russia and the Reds
  3. Dissatisfied Conservatives - Were fed up with the current government
  4. Unemployed workers - Desperate, Nazi’s offered work
28
Q

Why did von Hidenburg appoint Hitler Chancellor? (3 points)

A

Hitler was DEMANDING to be made Chancellor.

Conservative politicians CONVINCED Hidenburg to appoint him the role.

The Gov believed they could CONTROL Hitler from behind the scenes - underestimated his determination to control Germany.

29
Q

When was the Reichstag Fire?

A

27th Feb, 1933

2 weeks before the election.

30
Q

What was the Reichstag Fire? (3 points)

A

A young Communist ALLEGEDLY set fire to (and destroyed) the PARLIAMENT BUILDING.

He claimed the NAZIS lit the fire and he was a scapegoat.

CONTENTIOUS POINT IN HISTORY - origin of the fire is still unknown

31
Q

What were the effects of the Reichstag Fire? (3 points)

A

Nazi’s CAPITALISED on it and EXPLOITED it, even if they were not responsible for it:

using ARTICLE 48, they suspended all personal freedoms + gave the police new powers.

Anti-Nazi newspapers + radio stations were SHUT DOWN.

32
Q

What did Article 48 allow the President to do? (2 points)

A
  1. Pass a law regarding PUBLIC SECURITY or PUBLIC ORDER
  2. BYPASS the Parliament and SUSPEND DEMOCRACY and govern by decree
33
Q

How did Article 48 consolidate Nazi power?

A

Nazi’s used this law to imprison opponents that would vote against Hitler in the election

34
Q

What did the Enabling Act do? (2 points)

Passed 444 votes to 94

A

All power was now with the Chancellor (Hitler).

Allowed him to BYBASS the Reichstag to create any new laws he wanted.

35
Q

How did the Enabling Act consolidate Nazi power? (2 points)

A

One of the first and few final steps towards Hitler becoming the TOTALITARIAN LEADER.

President was now POWERLESS to stop him.

History ♡ (4 decks)

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