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History ♡ > AOS 1 exam revision > Flashcards

AOS 1 exam revision Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the 1905 revolution?

What were the effects?

A

Tsars forces fired into peaceful group of protestors and killed 200.

Tsar forced to give up some absolute powers and create a basic constitutional monarchy and elected gov.

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2
Q

3 Causes of the 1905 revolution?

A

Russo-Japan war - humiliating defeat reflected negatively on Tsar and Russia

Economic struggles - high levels of poverty and unemployment in working class

Political repression - Tsarist gov was highly repressive and imposed strict censorship laws

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3
Q

WHEN was Bloody Sunday?

A

Jan 22nd, 1905

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4
Q

WHO was involved in Bloody Sunday?

3 points

A

Around 3000-5000 workers

Over 100 were killed

Led by Father Gapon

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5
Q

WHERE was Bloody Sunday?

A

Winter Palace in St Petersburg

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6
Q

What were 3 CAUSES of Bloody Sunday?

A

Poor working conditions

Economic slump

Ongoing war with Japan

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7
Q

How did Bloody Sunday lead to the October Manifesto?

2 points

A

People were outraged - sparked widespread protests and revolts across the country

Tsar was forced to listen and give them more rights

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8
Q

WHEN was the October Manifesto published?

A

30th October, 1905

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9
Q

What are 2 KEY FEATURES of the October Manifesto?

A

Granted civil freedoms - free speech and assembly

Creation of an elected Duma - allowed voting rights for all, except women)

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10
Q

WHEN were the Fundamental Laws created?

How did they assert his power over the Duma?

A

Created by Tsar in 1906

Allowed him to rule independently from Duma + right to dissolve it at any time.

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11
Q

WHEN did the Tsar abdicate Russia?

A

February 1917

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12
Q

3 Reasons WHY Tsar abdicated the throne?

A

Seen as responsible for issues Russia was facing (economic struggles, food shortages, disorganised supply systems and military)

Lost support of people and military

Facing pressure from advisers (including his brother) to abdicate to prevent further unrest

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13
Q

WHO took Tsars place when he abdicated the throne?

A

DUAL POWER SYSTEM

Creation of Provisional Government and the Petrograd Soveit

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14
Q

WHO did the Russian Civil War consist of?

A

The Reds (Red Army)

The Whites (Anti-Bolshevik forces)

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15
Q

Who did the Whites consist of?

A

Every other political party (Mensheviks, Tsarists, Right SRs)

Estimated 500,000 soldiers

Led by Admiral Kolchak and General Denkin

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16
Q

Who did the Reds consist of?

3 points

A

Bolshevik/communist forces

Estimated 5 million soldiers

Led by Trotsky

17
Q

How was the Provisional Gov created?

What did it do?

A

Duma elected group of men to transition gov into proper elected gov.

Would run gov until official constitutional gov could be elected.

18
Q

How was the Petrograd Soviet created?

A

Each factory and soldier unit elected 1 person to represent them in council.

19
Q

What is the difference between the Provisional Gov and Petrograd Soviet?

2 points

A

Prov Gov had LEGITIMACY but no power/support.

Soviet had POWER/SUPPORT but no legitimacy.

20
Q

Why was there foreign intervention in the Russian Civil War?

How was it viewed?

Who were the foreign powers? (4)

A

Whites received aid from foreign powers as they were significantly smaller and less powerful than the Reds.

Viewed unfavourably

US, UK, FRA, JAP

21
Q

Why did the Provisional Gov need the Soveit?

2 points

A

Keep peace with soldiers and workers.

Pass laws and decrees the Prov Gov created.

22
Q

Why did the Soviet support the Provisional Gov?

A

Believed it was a step toward Socialism.

23
Q

Key factor that allowed Bolsheviks to take power?

2 points

A

Provisional Gov was WEAK.

Decided to stay in the war, failed, lost support of people.

24
Q

HOW did the Bolsheviks take power?

A

They used the RED ARMY to take over Petrograd.

25
Q

Who did the Red Guard consist of?

A

Soldiers and workers willing to fight for the Soviet’s power.

26
Q

HOW did the Bolsheviks take power?

3 steps

A

Trotsky orders RED GUARD to seize key points in Petrograd (train stations + gov buildings)

Lenin announces Bolsheviks have seized power and calls for a SOVIET GOVERNMENT

Red guard storms WINTER PALACE and arrests members who remain.

27
Q

What happened to the Provisional Government when the Bolsheviks took power?

A

Kerensky (leader of the Provisional Gov) Fled Petrograd.

28
Q

Who did the Czech Legion consist of?

How were they significant in the Russian Civil War?

A

Czech + Slovak soldiers who fought for Russia in WW1.

Planned to leave Russia when revolution began, but were trapped by the Reds.

29
Q

Why did the Czech Legion seize the Trans-Siberian Railway?

When was it taken back by the Reds?

A

Seized majority of it to secure exit from Russia + gave protection from Bolsheviks

November 1918

30
Q

WHAT was War Communism?

2 points

A

Series of policies implemented by communist Gov.

Involved nationalising industry and confiscating food from peasants + farmers to feed the Red Army.

31
Q

Why did War Communism FAIL?

A

Surplus crop farmers grew would be sold, so they stopped growing.

32
Q

What were 3 social implications of War Communism?

A

Food shortages led to starvation and malnutrition among population.

Sparked conflict between gov and peasants.

Peasants did not want to join Whites, formed their own army (the Greens).

33
Q

When was the New Economic Policy (NEP) introduced?

A

March 1921

34
Q

WHAT was the New Economic Policy?

2 points

A

Allowed for reintroduction of limited private enterprise.

Peasants allowed to sell surplus crop in market, whilst state retained control of heavy industry, banking, transportation.

35
Q

WHY was the New Economic Policy implemented? By who?

A

Implemented by Lenin as temporary retreat from war communism.

36
Q

Who were bag men?

How did the NEP affect them?

A

Tiny businesses where men traded goods from city in country side.

Worked in black market before NEP, now were key traders + suppliers for NEP.

History ♡ (4 decks)

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