history-Russia Flashcards
Question: To what extent did the Russian Provisional Government fail to address the demands of the Russian people in 1917?
the first way that the Russian provisional government failed to address the demands of the Russian people was continued Participation in WWI.
one way that this is demonstrated is by the growing popularity of the Bolsheviks who-among other things-promised peace.
another way that this is demonstrated is economic disruption.
the final way that this is demonstrated is the independence of several parts of the empire.
another way that the Russian provisional government failed to address the demands of the Russian people was Political Legitimacy
one way that this is demonstrated by it’s fast loss of support.
another way that this is demonstrated is the land question.
the final way that this is demonstrated is perceived corruption.
the final way that the Russian provisional government failed to address the demands of the Russian people was with the economic Strains it caused.
one way that this is demonstrated is by food Shortages.
another way that this is demonstrated is by industrial unrest.
the final way that this is demonstrated is by failure to nationalise key industries.
“To what extent did the policies of the Soviet Union from 1945 to 1989 successfully maintain control over its satellite states in Eastern Europe?”
One satellite state that the USSR had was East Germany.
One policy used to maintain control was Security Agencies, most notably the Stasi (Ministry for State Security).
Another policy used to maintain control was the Berlin Wall, constructed in 1961, was a physical manifestation of the GDR’s efforts to prevent emigration to the West.
The final policy used to maintain control was the implementation of social policies such as extensive public welfare programs (housing, healthcare, education).
Another satellite state that the USSR had was Yugoslavia.
One policy used to maintain control was banishing Yugoslavia from cominform.
Another policy used to maintain control was Khrushchev attempting better diplomacy with Tito.
The final policy used to maintain control was implementing a communist government.
the final satellite state that the USSR had was Hungary.
One policy used to maintain control was censorship and propaganda ensuring that only pro-Soviet narratives were disseminated.
Another policy used to maintain control was Suppression of the 1956 Revolution.
The final policy used to maintain control was reluctant adaptation, in the years following the revolution, some leaders, notably Janos Kadar, introduced a more liberal economic and political policy known as “Goulash Communism.”
“Evaluate the significance of the February Revolution of 1917 in the context of the broader Russian Revolution. In what ways did it set the stage for the October Revolution, and how did it change the political landscape of Russia?”
One impact of the February revolution was the rise of the Petrograd soviet.
One thing this led to was the dual authority, where power was effectively shared between the provisional government and the Petrograd soviet.
Another thing this led to was that the Petrograd soviet had considerable influence on political Decisions especially regarding military and social policies.
The final thing this led to increased political engagement among various social groups, including workers, soldiers, and peasants, leading to increased demands for reforms and representation.
Another impact of the February revolution was social and economic turmoil.
One thing this led to was labour Strikes and worker activism.
Another thing this led to was rural unrest and peasant movements
as part of which many resorted to seizing land from landlords, leading to widespread agricultural unrest.
The final thing this led to was the eventual collapse of the Provisional Government.
the last impact of the February revolution was a legacy of discontent that lingered in Russian society and directly contributed to the Bolsheviks’ eventual rise to power, as they promised a solution to the problems left unresolved by the February Revolution.
One thing this led to was continued socio-economic struggles.
Another thing this led to was that many soldiers, frustrated by their treatment and the ongoing war, shifted their support to revolutionary groups. This change of loyalty was critical in determining the outcomes of key battles and political confrontations during the revolution.
The final thing this led to was different groups seeking autonomy or independence.
“To what extent did the policies of the Soviet government from 1917 to 1964 transform the Russian economy and society? Evaluate both the successes and failures of these policies in shaping everyday life for Soviet citizens.”
One policy of the Russian government from 1917 to 1964 was war communism.
One aspect of this was the Bolshevik government nationalizing virtually all industries, aiming to eliminate private ownership and control economic production. This resulted in a state monopoly over the economy.
Another effect this had on the economy and society of Russia was that it evolved into what was effectively a barter economy.
The final effect this had on the economy and society of Russia is the
Bolsheviks introduced a system of labour conscription to ensure that industries were staffed, often forcing workers into jobs without compensation or choice, diminishing workers’ rights and autonomy and leading to widespread disenchantment with the regime.
Another policy of the Russian government from 1917 to 1964 was collectivisation.
One example of the impact this had on the economy and society of Russia was the Ukrainian Holodomor which is believed by many to have been a punishment famine after a Ukrainian independence movement, made possible, in large part, by collectivisation.
Another effect this had on the economy and society of Russia is increased financial Support for Industrial Growth the state seized grain from collectivized farms to fund rapid industrialization, which the First Five-Year Plan aimed to achieve.
The final effect this had on the economy and society of Russia is the creation of a new class of agricultural workers who were largely dependent on the state, whilst the kulaks were eradicated as a class, leading to resentment and a restructuring of social hierarchies in rural areas.
The final policy of the Russian government from 1917 to 1964 was the virgin land campaign.
One effect this had on the economy and society of Russia is crop failures in the following years, due to poor planning, inadequate infrastructure, and failure to ensure sustainable farming practices.
Another effect this had on the economy and society of Russia is labour issues due to the workforce being composed, in large parts, of orphans, prisoners and unskilled workers.
The final effect this had on the economy and society of Russia is that the campaign’s struggles contributed to Khrushchev’s loss of support within the Communist Party, ultimately leading to his removal from power in 1964.
