History-America Flashcards
explain salutary neglect
salutary neglect was the policy of leaving the colonies mostly alone and allowing a limited amount of self governance
explain why the treaty of Aix-la Chappelle failed
-handed back fort loisbourg which colonists had died to ~capture
-colonists viewed it as a temporary truce
what did the coercive acts do
-blocked off boston from trade
-allowed royal governors to appoint/remove all civil officials
-allowed transfer to Britain for murder trials
-a new quartering act agave greater authority to military ~ commanders seeking to house their troops.
what effect did mercantilism have on trade in the colonies
-restricted trade (though not well enforced)
-gave colonial merchants protection from the royal navy
reasons for British success in the seven years war
-naval blockade
-natives switched sides
-William Pitt the elder and Duke of Newcastle
-amount of capital raised
-prioritising north america
-British officers no longer immediately outranked colonial ~counterparts
“which of the following was of greater importance in strengthening British relations with the colonies; mercantilism or colonial government?”
the most significant factor was mercantilism.
One reason for this was royal navy protection.
this led to more trust in Britain from colonists due to greater security.
another reason for this was it led to increased trade between the two.
this led to increased profits on both sides.
the least significant factor was colonial government.
One reason for this was the use of charters.
therefore sovereignty of colonies given to king not parliament which made it harder for parliament to administer it.
another reason for this was salutary neglect.
this led to colonists not having as close ties to Britain as people living in Britain.
what was the most significant reason for worsening relations between Britain and the colonies.
the most significant factor was colonial writings
One example of this was sam adams’ anti-British propaganda.
this led to British actions being shown in the worst possible way.
overall sam adams’ exploitation of tension between Britain and the colonies led to conflicts such as the boston ‘massacre’ from which he would create a number of martyrs for his cause, making it the most important factor.
a less important factor than this was popular action.
One example of this was boston tea party.
this led to outrage in Britain and an outright antagonistic view towards the colonies.
overall while not as important as colonial writings, it is still somewhat important as it led to parliament listening to anti-colonists more than colonist sympathisers, as they now looked too lenient.
the least significant factor was British policy
One example of this was the Townshend duties.
this led to discontent in the colonies as they being taxed more without representation.
overall whilst it is significant as it led to some contempt in the colonies, it is not as important as colonial writings or popular action. as in most cases it led to protest and it would be subsequently repealed.
why did the proclamation line cause tension among the colonies?
-it blocked westwards expansion
-implementation of standing army in america
10 marker- which of the following was more significant in Britain’s victory in the seven years war; role of William Pitt the elder or strength of the royal navy
the most significant factor was William Pitt the elder.
One reason for this was he prioritised north america
this led to the north america campaign being properly funded and supplied.
another reason for this was he was willing to secure more loans than the french.
this led to Britain being able to out-finance france.
the least significant factor was strength of the royal navy.
One reason for this was cut off french supplies.
therefore they could starve new france.
however this only worked because the french did not farm the land.
therefore, if they had it would be far less effective.
why did Britain increase taxes in the colonies in the 1760’s?
-repay debts from seven years war
-so colonies could pay for their own protection
-because British public opinion was that colonies were not paying ~ their fair share
why did the stamp act provoke such a violent reaction?
-affected everyone leading to mass opposition
-affected documents which enraged politicians and lawyers
-contrasted with the ‘salutary neglect’ colonies were used to
why did Townshend introduce his duties?
-he believed that because they were external colonists would ~ not object
-he wanted to be firmer with the colonies
-he wanted Britain to be paid directly, not through who were ~ representatives more sensitive to colonial opinion
-he believed colonies should shoulder burden of their protection
what social problems did the new ‘republic’ face?
-divided between north and south
-divided between loyalist and ‘patriots’
-divided between creditors and debtors
-many wanted practical anarchy
-many wanted further expansion
-states did not co-operate well
-soldiers had not been payed yet
which two states saw a surge in population?
Kentucky and Tennessee
what were the effects of congress controlling the western territories?
-prevented independence
-prevented expansion of existing states
-allowed them to dictate borders
-could sell them off
what were the effects of the battle of saratoga?
-turning point
-boosted morale
-made |France confident in joining war
-captured soldiers and equipment
what were the effects of the battle of saratoga?
-considered end of the war
-Britain cut off from sea
what was Britain’s strength at yorktown?
-50,000 loyalists
-32,000 redcoats
-300 ships
what did France provide?
-aid
-funding
-generals
-munitions
-other allies
reasons for Howe’s failures
-too cautious(new york)
-reckless (battle of bunker hill)
-conflicted loyalties (wife/brother)
reasons for Burgoyne failures
-turned colonists against him (Jane Mcrea)
-negotiated too easily (saratoga)
-lost too many men (saratoga)
-generally incompetent (saratoga)
details of battle for long island
-British victory
-failed to pursue
-washington had very little chance
-32,000 redcoats
-washington had 20,00 men and no boats
-shortly after declaration of independence
where was the constitution signed?
the philadelphia convention
details of American nationalism
-American war heroes (washington)
-political leaders (madison, hamilton)
-focus on distinct American values
