History & Research Methods Flashcards
The Chinese, Egyptians, Hebrews, and Greeks believed…
Possession by good vs. evil spirits
Former treatment methods for evil spirits were?
- Exorcisms
- prayers
- Noise Making
- Potions
Hippocrates believed….
Mental illness was not caused by evil spirits. It was caused by brain pathology
The Middle Ages emphasized the importances of ______ and ____________ instead of _______ to explain abnormality
ritual, superstition, science
Lycanthropy
possession by wolves
Define Asylums (madhouses)
sanctuaries or places of refuge for the care of the mentally ill
Entertainment for the public like a zoo
What did asylums do?
removed individuals who could no longer care for themselves from society
What did Dorothy Dix do?
advocate for the establishment of more humane public psychiatric hospitals
Define deinstitutionalization
moving people out of psychiatric hospitals and back into the community with little to no outpatient care.
Rational, or good intentions. behind deinstitutionalization…
The hospitals were inhumane
How were patients effected by deinstitutionalization?
Many homeless or in prison where it’s not set up to treat mental health
Freud
offered the psychoanalytic perspective & psychoanalysis
talked about the unconscious mind
The first link between psychopathology and the brain (biology)
paresis (insanity caused by syphilis)
The behavioral perspective in comprised of which 4 men?
- Wundt
- James
- Pavlov: classical conditioning
- Watson: behaviorism
Case study
Bias & generalizability
Correlational Design
The relationship between 2 variables without manipulation
can be positive or negative
Observational Design
the difference in variables between pre-existing groups (comparing)
nothing about causality
Experimental research
Compare responses between Variable group & Control group
Experimental psychopathology
conclude causality
scientists exhibit control
Confidence is increased if the _______ group shows significant ___________ than the _________ group. (Efficacy of Therapy)
Treated, improvement, untreated
Random Assignment
equality amongst participants on who receives treatment or not
Single-Case ABAB Design
It’s a pattern
Positive Correlation
As one goes up, the other also goes up
Ex: The more hours you work, the larger the paycheck
Negative Correlation
As one goes up, the other goes down
Ex: The more absences you have, the more your grades drop
Scientific problem with analogue studies
difficulty of generalizing to the naturally occurring phenomenon
