History & Research Methods Flashcards

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1
Q

The Chinese, Egyptians, Hebrews, and Greeks believed…

A

Possession by good vs. evil spirits

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2
Q

Former treatment methods for evil spirits were?

A
  1. Exorcisms
  2. prayers
  3. Noise Making
  4. Potions
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3
Q

Hippocrates believed….

A

Mental illness was not caused by evil spirits. It was caused by brain pathology

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4
Q

The Middle Ages emphasized the importances of ______ and ____________ instead of _______ to explain abnormality

A

ritual, superstition, science

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5
Q

Lycanthropy

A

possession by wolves

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6
Q

Define Asylums (madhouses)

A

sanctuaries or places of refuge for the care of the mentally ill

Entertainment for the public like a zoo

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7
Q

What did asylums do?

A

removed individuals who could no longer care for themselves from society

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8
Q

What did Dorothy Dix do?

A

advocate for the establishment of more humane public psychiatric hospitals

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9
Q

Define deinstitutionalization

A

moving people out of psychiatric hospitals and back into the community with little to no outpatient care.

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10
Q

Rational, or good intentions. behind deinstitutionalization…

A

The hospitals were inhumane

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11
Q

How were patients effected by deinstitutionalization?

A

Many homeless or in prison where it’s not set up to treat mental health

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12
Q

Freud

A

offered the psychoanalytic perspective & psychoanalysis

talked about the unconscious mind

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13
Q

The first link between psychopathology and the brain (biology)

A

paresis (insanity caused by syphilis)

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14
Q

The behavioral perspective in comprised of which 4 men?

A
  1. Wundt
  2. James
  3. Pavlov: classical conditioning
  4. Watson: behaviorism
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15
Q

Case study

A

Bias & generalizability

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16
Q

Correlational Design

A

The relationship between 2 variables without manipulation

can be positive or negative

17
Q

Observational Design

A

the difference in variables between pre-existing groups (comparing)

nothing about causality

18
Q

Experimental research

A

Compare responses between Variable group & Control group

19
Q

Experimental psychopathology

A

conclude causality
scientists exhibit control

20
Q

Confidence is increased if the _______ group shows significant ___________ than the _________ group. (Efficacy of Therapy)

A

Treated, improvement, untreated

21
Q

Random Assignment

A

equality amongst participants on who receives treatment or not

22
Q

Single-Case ABAB Design

A

It’s a pattern

23
Q

Positive Correlation

A

As one goes up, the other also goes up

Ex: The more hours you work, the larger the paycheck

24
Q

Negative Correlation

A

As one goes up, the other goes down

Ex: The more absences you have, the more your grades drop

25
Q

Scientific problem with analogue studies

A

difficulty of generalizing to the naturally occurring phenomenon