History Quiz 8.1-8.2 Flashcards
Jefferson’s Policies as President
Democratic-Republican: Political Party
1. Reduce/limit the power of Government
2. Promote agrarian economy
3. Protection of civil liberties and will of majority.
Jefferson was inaugurated in new Capital in Washington D.C.
1. Jefferson’s goal was to UNITE parties.
2. Jefferson was proud of the buildings and
monuments being built (a federal city)
Jefferson’s first actions
Select members of cabinet (James
Madison=Sec of State).
Lowered military spending and reduced size of
army to help pay for national debt.
Get rid of domestic taxes (Whiskey tax)
Limit size of government to only several hundred people.
~Believed primary functions of government are:
1. Protect nation from foreign threats
2. Deliver the mail
3. Collect customs duties.
Judiciary Act of 1801
~Republicans controlled presidency and Congress
~Federalists still controlled judiciary thanks to Judiciary Act of 1801.
~Before leaving office, John Adams created 16 new
federal judgeships and appointed Federalists.
~“midnight judges”
~William Marbury named as justice of the peace but did not receive his papers by the time
Jefferson was in office.
~James Madison (Secretary of State) refused to
deliver the papers.
~Jefferson did not believe the midnight judges were
valid.
Marbury vs. Madison (Judiciary Act cont.)
~Marbury sued and took case to Supreme Court.
~John Marshall (Federalist): Chief Justice of Supreme Court who agreed to hear the
case.
~Marshall noted: The Constitution gave the Supreme Court power to hear only certain kind
of cases.
~Marbury’s case was not one of them and was
unconstitutional.
CASE THAT HELPED ESTABLISH SUPREME COURT’S POWER TO DECLARE AN ACT OF CONGRESS UNCONSTITUTIONAL AND CHECK OTHER BRANCHES OF GOV.
American Settlers move West
~By 1800’s Kentucky, Tennessee, and Ohio admitted into the Union.
~Spain sells Louisiana territories to France bc worried abt American expansion
Louisiana Purchase
~Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte of France. wanted to rebuild France’s N American empire and attack U.S.
~1802: Enslaved African in Haiti revolted and defeated
Napoleon’s troops (ended Napoleon’s dream of conquering the U.S.)
In Europe, France sold Louisiana for $15 million (Napoleon need money for war)
~Louisiana Purchase: doubled size of U.S.
NW Passage
~Jefferson want to map new land and learn more abt ppl & land of west
~WANTED TO FIND NW PASSAGE
Corps of Discovery
In 1803:
To lead expedition Jefferson chose:
1. Meriweather Lewis: was Jefferson’s personal assistant.
~Brought along his dog (Seaman)
2. William Clark: co-leader, map mapmaker, had
military/survival background.
~Brought along his slave: (York)
Chose 50 skilled frontiersmen (called Corps of Discovery)
MAY 1804 expedition began
~began near St. Louis and traveled up MISSOURI RIVER on large keelboat and 2 small boats
Traveling up the Missouri
~met with many native tribes
~warned Lewis and Clark abt Teton-Sioux (Pirates of the Missouri)
~After 600 miles, found buffalo of great plains, prairie dogs, native americans
Fort Mandan
Oct 1804: met Mandan Indians who
allowed them to build a Fort to survive winter (Bismarck, North Dakota)
~allowed to build Fort Mandan
~interpreters told each group U.S. now owned their land
~relied on goodwill (gave gifts), exchange culture
~learned of Rocky Mts.
Sacagawea
- 12 years old Shoshone from
Rocky Mts. - Kidnapped at age 12 by Hidatsa
natives - Sold to Charbonneau who
became her husband. - living with Madans until age 16
- Had child: Jean Baptiste
“Little Dancer” (Lewis helped
deliver) - Hired as a guide and interpreter
with husband. - Without her help group would not have survived
- Saved supplies when boat
flipped over in river. - Provided contact with
Shoshone Indians(brother)
who gave them horses to
cross Rocky Mts. - symbol of
Peace
Helped trade for horses with Shoshone, Chief Cameahwai= long lost brother
After surviving Rocky Mts.
- Group followed Columbia River
Clark wrote “Ocean in view! O! The Joy!” he believed he reached the end but it was just seeing the widening of the Columbia (lake)
Next met Nez Perce Indians
1. Almost killed but presence of Sacagawea saved them.
2. Provided food and supplies.
NOV 1805: reach Pacific Ocean
Fort Clatsop
~They decided to build their winter
quarters along side the Clatsop people.
1. lived by fishing salmon
2. Corps called it Fort Clatsop in honor of nearby tribe
THE VOTE: Lewis & Clark called for vote when deciding where to camp for winter
~York and Saca get to vote (Democracy)
Journey Home
~faster
~split up to explore new areas
~One group met up with a pair of Blackfoot= one Indian shot and one stabbed to death.
~Blackfoot not afraid and attacked future settlers and soldiers
~John Colter (best hunter): first white man to see Yellowstone “Colter’s Hell.”
~Yellowstone become first national park 1872
Back Home
1806
~Corps arrived back in St. Louis SEP 23, 1806
~most ppl thought dead
~Clark took 2 years to piece together maps
May 1804-1806
~Expedition cost $40,000 (Congress authorized $2,500)
~1 man died (probably appendicitis)
~Susan B Anthony + Sacagawea= 2 women on American coins
~Discovered: new plants + animals, knowledge of west, help fur trade, establish contact with Native Americans
~didn’t discover NW passage
Zebulon Pike
young army officer sent on
mission to the South West to find starting point of Red river.
~While climbing mt. known as Pikes
Peak in Colorado’s Rocky Mts. he was arrested by Spanish.
~When released he returned to U.S and reported on his trip.
His description provided Americans first description of South West.
