History & Overview Of Corrections Flashcards
Corrections in the colonial era was based on:
Punishment based on religious law/ Anglican code
Enlightenment thinker who discussed the rationality of punishment
Jeremy Bentham
Omnipresence: the constant feeling of being watched even if you are not at the moment
Panopticon
Enlightenment thinker who discussed proportionality, rationality, and avoiding undue harshness in relation to punishment
Beccaria
The first prison reform by Benjamin Rush:
Philadelphia Society for Alleviating the Miseries of Public Prisons (1787)
The word penitentiary is derived from what word meaning an act of self-abasement, mortification, or devotion performed to show sorrow for sin
Penance
What are examples of punishment in the penitentiary era?
Disciplined routine, isolation, intensive labor
What was the first prison to implement single-cell construction (solitary confinement?)
Auburn State prison
What were some problems with the Penitentiary era?
Prisons overcrowded, understaffed, expensive; prisoners were subject to harsh punishment; living conditions were inhumane; no deterrence effect
Who is the father of prison reform?
Zebulon Brockway
What was the purpose of prison during the Reformatory era?
Reform and rehabilitation
The Rehabilitation era was based on the medical model that says:
Criminality is due to some biological or psychological condition that can be treated
The Community era shifted towards what purpose of punishment?
Reintegration
The Federal Bureau of Prisons was established in 1930 to:
Ensure humane treatment of offenders; professionalize federal corrections; centralize administration
The two types of correctional institutions in the state prison system:
Prisons and jails
What type of people go to prisons?
Incarceration sentences more than 1 year; felonies and serious crimes
What type of people go to jails?
Incarceration sentences less than 1 year; misdemeanors; pre-trial detention; holding for offenders being transferred to prison
What are job problems with correctional officers?
High rates of injury, high stress
Is the majority of correctional population in jail, prison, parole, or probation?
Probation
Where does the majority of money for corrections go towards?
Over half is for staff
What is the fastest growing prison population?
Black women
1 in how many adults are locked up?
1 in 100
What is one of the principal cost drivers in corrections budgets?
Medical care for prisoners
