History - Oliver Cromwell, Charles II and James II Flashcards
What did Cromwell do in Ireland, during the Massacre of Drogheda?
Because of a Catholic rebellion starting against his Puritan regime, he ordered his army to kill EVERYONE in the entire town.
What religion was Cromwell?
Protestant - but an uber one - Puritan
Why was Cromwell UNPOPULAR?
- He banned Christmas, saying people had to pray instead of party
- He banned pubs and swearing in public as they offended God
- Was ‘King in everything but name’
Why was Cromwell POPULAR?
- He fought against the King when he was taxing the people too much
- He claimed to be ‘on the side of the people’
- He created the New Model Army - very powerful
When did Oliver Cromwell die?
1658
Who succeeded Oliver Cromwell?
His son, Richard - (Queen Dick)
How long was Richard Lord Protector for?
9 months - then he resigned and ran away to France, + travelled for 20 years
When did Charles II become King?
1660 - from his exile in the Netherlands. Papers were changed to say he had always been King… not Richard because he was so rubbish…
What was Charles II’s nickname?
The Merry Monarch
Why was Charles given his jolly nickname?
He re-introduced Christmas, pubs and relaxed such rules
Who succeeded Charles II, when, and why?
His brother, James II, in 1685, because Charles II had no sons legitimately
What religion was James II?
A Catholic
Who succeeded James II?
William and Mary of Orange - Mary daughter of James’ first wife, Anne Hyde, who was Protestant
When was James II succeeded?
1688 - when William of Orange landed on the coast of Devon, and James ran away
When did William and Mary become King and Queen?
1688 - the Glorious Revolution - restored Protestantism to England
