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Clin Immunohematol/Transfusn SBB 561 OA-1 > History of transfusion > Flashcards

History of transfusion Flashcards

1
Q

2500 BC

A

Egyptians & Bleeding. A tomb illustration in Memphis, Egypt, depicts a patient being bled from the foot and neck.

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2
Q

Pope Innocent VIII drinks the blood of three young boys, all four die.

A

1492

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3
Q

English physician William Harvey discovers the circulation of blood. Shortly afterward, the earliest known blood transfusion is attempted.

A

1628

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4
Q

The first recorded successful blood transfusion occurs in England: Physician Richard Lower keeps dogs alive by transfusion of blood from other dogs.

A

1665

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5
Q

Jean-Baptiste Denis in France and Richard Lower in England separately report successful transfusions from lambs to humans.

Within 10 years, transfusing the blood of animals to humans becomes prohibited by law because of reactions.

A

1667

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6
Q

James Blundell, a British obstetrician, performs the first successful transfusion of human blood to a patient for the treatment of postpartum hemorrhage.

A

1818

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7
Q

At St. George’s School in London, Samuel Armstrong Lane, aided by consultant Dr. Blundell, performs the first successful whole blood transfusion to treat hemophilia.

A

1840

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8
Q

US physicians transfuse milk (from cows, goats, and humans).

A

1873-1880

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9
Q

Karl Landsteiner, an Austrian physician, discovers the first three human blood groups, A, B, and C. Blood type C was later changed to O.

A

1900

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10
Q

Alfred Decastello and Adriano Sturli add AB, the fourth type

A

1902

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11
Q

Landsteiner receives the Nobel Prize for Medicine for this discovery

A

1930

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12
Q

Hektoen suggests that the safety of transfusion might be improved by crossmatching blood between donors and patients to exclude incompatible mixtures

A

1907

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13
Q

French surgeon Alexis Carrel devises a way to prevent clotting by sewing the vein of the recipient directly to the artery of the donor.

A

1908

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14
Q

Moreschi describes the antiglobulin reaction

A

1908

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15
Q

Long-term anticoagulants, among them sodium citrate, are developed, allowing longer preservation of blood. Richard Weil demonstrates the feasibility of refrigerated storage of such anti-coagulated blood. Although this is a great advance in transfusion medicine, it takes 10 years for sodium citrate use to be accepted.

A

1914

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16
Q

The MNSs and P systems are discovered. MNSs and P are two more blood group antigen systems — just as ABO is one system and Rh is another.

A

1927-1947

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17
Q

Bernard Fantus, director of therapeutics at the Cook County Hospital in Chicago, establishes the first hospital blood bank in the United States

A

1937

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18
Q

The Rh blood group system is discovered by Karl Landsteiner, Alex Wiener, Philip Levine, and R.E. Stetson and is soon recognized as the cause of the majority of transfusion reactions.

A

1939

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19
Q

John Elliott develops the first blood container, a vacuum bottle extensively used by the Red Cross.

A

1940

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20
Q

Charles R. Drew develops the “Plasma for Britain” program — a pilot project to collect blood for shipment to the British Isles. The American Red Cross participates, collecting 13 million units of blood by the end of World War II.

A

1940

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21
Q

P. Beeson publishes the classic description of transfusion-transmitted hepatitis.

A

1943

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22
Q

Coombs, Mourant, and Race describe the use of antihuman globulin (later known as the “Coombs Test”) to identify “incomplete” antibodies

A

1945

23
Q

The American Association of Blood Banks (AABB) is formed to promote common goals among blood banking practitioners and the blood donating public.

A

1947

24
Q

Audrey Smith reports the use of glycerol cryoprotectant for freezing red blood cells.

A

1950

25
Q

Development of the refrigerated centrifuge further expedites blood component therapy.

A

1953

26
Q

Max Perutz of Cambridge University deciphers the molecular structure of hemoglobin, the molecule that transports oxygen and gives red blood cells their color.

A

1959

27
Q

The first antihemophilic factor (AHF) concentrate to treat coagulation disorders in hemophilia patients is developed through fractionation.

A

1962

28
Q

Rh immune globulin is commercially introduced to prevent Rh disease in the newborns of Rh-negative women.

A

1967

29
Q

S. Murphy and F. Gardner demonstrate the feasibility of storing Platelets at room temperature, revolutionizing platelet transfusion therapy.

A

1969

30
Q

Blood banks move toward an all-volunteer blood donor system.

A

1970

31
Q

Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) testing of donated blood begins.

A

1971

32
Q

Apheresis is used to extract one cellular component, returning the rest of the blood to the donor.

A

1972

33
Q

A new anticoagulant preservative, CPDA-1, extends the shelf life of whole blood and red blood cells to 35 days, increasing the blood supply and facilitating resource sharing among blood banks.

A

1979

34
Q

he first cases of an illness subsequently defined as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) were reported by health-care providers in California and CDC

A

June 5, 1981

35
Q

Additive solutions extend the shelf life of red blood cells to 42 days

A

1983

36
Q

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) identified as cause of AIDS

A

1984

37
Q

FDA approves enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), first blood-screening test to detect HIV antibodies.

A

1985

38
Q

Two tests that screen for indirect evidence of hepatitis are developed and implemented, hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) and the alanine aminotransferase test (ALT).

A

1987

39
Q

Testing of donated blood for human-Tlymphotropic-virus-I-antibody (anti-HTLV-I) begins

A

1989

40
Q

Implementation of testing donor blood for HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies (anti-HIV-1 and anti-HIV-2).

A

1992

41
Q

HIV p24 antigen testing of donated blood begins. Although the test does not completely close the HIV window, it shortens the window period.

A

1996

42
Q

West Nile virus identified as transfusion transmissible.

A

2002

43
Q

AABB receives $2.4 Million CDC grant to reduce transfusion-transmitted HIV in Africa and South America.

A

2004

44
Q

FDA approves first U.S. pathogen inactivation systems for platelets and plasma.

A

2014

45
Q

FDA releases updated guidance concerning the emergences of the Zika Virus and it’s threat to the blood supply

A

2018

46
Q

FDA issues updated determination that the Zika Virus is no longer considered a Relevant Transfusion Transmitted Infection

A

2021

47
Q

FDA issues updated guidance to address the blood shortages due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

A

2020

48
Q

Results from a CRISPR gene therapy study demonstrates dramatic improvement in patient care suffering from sickle cell disease and beta thalassemia

A

2022

49
Q

Inclusive Donor History Questionnaire launches across blood donor centers.

A

2023

50
Q

the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) instituted a lifetime deferral on blood donations from gay and bisexual men to reduce the chance of HIV in the blood supply at a time when testing was limited or non-existent.

A

1983

51
Q

the FDA revised its policy as donor infectious disease testing improved, including the implementation of NAT testing, and data demonstrating safety in shortened deferral and moved to the use of time-based blood donation criteria for men who have sex with men (MSM) and women who have sex with MSM.

A

2015

52
Q

in reaction to the strained national blood supply during the COVID pandemic, the FDA changed its policy in 2020, further reducing this donor deferral period from 12 to three months. the FDA funded a study “Assessing Donor Variability And New Concepts in Eligibility” (ADVANCE) to assess if different eligibility criteria could be used at blood centers nationwide that focuses on each donor’s individual assessment rather than their sexual orientation.

A

2020

53
Q

FDA recommended a new donor screening process that uses gender-inclusive, individual donor-based questions for all individuals to establish donor eligibility.

A

May 2023

54
Q
A

Clin Immunohematol/Transfusn SBB 561 OA-1 (4 decks)

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