History of the Recording Industry Flashcards
Manager
works for a group or an artist to promote their careers and run their business affairs for the best fee.
What is Progressive rock (prog rock)?
Where was it developed and during what date?
A broad genre of rock music that was developed in the United Kingdom and the U.S. in the 1960s
What genre is Swing? When did it dominate?
a type of jazz music that dominated the 30s and 40s
Master
The first recording of a song or other sound, from which all the later copies are made.
What does a music producer do?
A music producer is someone who makes sure that when recording a song or making a record, the end result is as good as it can be by ensuring that a song is well performed and well recorded
A song is 3 things:
A melodic idea, a rhythmic idea, an a harmonic idea.
When did the market for music begin?
In the late 1800s and early 1900s there begins to be a market for music.
What is the Tin Pan Alley and when did it start?
late1800s and early 1900s.
started on 28th street in NYC between Broadway and Sixth Avenue. Nickname: Tin Pan Alley (because the piano sounded like pans hitting each other)
How did Thomas Edison contribute to music?
Invented the lightbulb, phonograph/gramophone,
He invented a way to record (fix musical idea in form) and commercialize music
Explain how the phonography works
a wax cylinder that had a needle would etch the sound into it. You play your instrument into this big horn and the horn recorded on wax. When you played it back on the machine the sound was amplified through the horn
Shuffle the order in which these were created
How did the disc evolve?
cyclac disc, vinyl disc, cylindrical piece of wax
Started as a cylindrical piece of wax, cyclac disc then into a vinyl disc
What does it mean for a record to have 2 sides? And who gets paid?
Two sides of a record = publishing side (the idea) and the master side (who owns the performance of that idea).
Publisher and songwriter (owners of the song)
Performing artist (royalty per record) → now in days they are available in digital channels
Which entrepreneur most important influence on country music?
Ralph Peer
Who did Ralph Peer work with who was the father of country music?
Jimmie Rogers (1927)
Which family created a typical country sound?
The Carter Family
The early music business reflected what?
American society
What is a synonym for the Jim Crow Time period?
Legal segregation
How was the early music business like?
It was a triad of popular music, race music (blues, jazz and ragtime) and hillbilly music
Who is embedded in the music business?
The African American culture,
What genre of music was the forerunner of jazz music (1899 to 1917)
Ragtime music
What is the name of the artist who catalyzed the success of music as an industry?
Mamie Smith
How did Mamie Smith influence the music industry?
Mamie Smith (1920)→ sold a million copies → As time continued, Columbia -what is now Sony- realized that Black American culture is the most creative form of expression for the beginning of the music industry.
Propusively
very quickly (in an exciting way)
Syncopated
a type of rhythm characterized by displaced beats or accents so that the strong beats are weak and vice versa.
Forerunner
= predecessor = a person or a thing that precedes the coming or development of someone or something else.
Who is Louis Armstrong?
Born in New Orleans as an orphan and was gifted with the talent of playing the trumpet when Jazz culture was trending.
How did Lous Armstrong influence music?
Another main jazz influence on America which led to popular swing music (a different type of jazz dance music in the 1930s to 1940s)
How did the technological development of the music industry help advance Louis Armstrong?
Relation to technology: Edisons creation and Louis Armstrong’s talent playing the trumpet was suited perfectly for the technological limitations at the time.
Until what date did jazz music remain most popular?
Jazz music remained most popular up until the 1950s
Progenitor
= originates from
Who is Duke Ellington
A talented composer who was born in DC
How did Duke Ellington influence the music industry?
Influenced the technology of recording music
How did Duke Ellington transform Jazz music and why did he do so?
He popularized jazz music
Drums were difficult to record in this era -> took the drum parts and transposed drum rhythms into brass instruments (saxophones, trumpets, clarinets)
How did the creation of the microphone begin?
The pop industry evolved to create the recording artists
When was the first microphone invented?
1916
Who patented the microphone?
was patented by E.C. Wente
What were the benefits of the microphone to artists?
The microphone allowed softer voices to be heard + allows the vocals to be tweaked + how the artist is able to perform.
It can create a greater level of intimacy with an artist!
What was the name and date of the first soft voiced artist to record with a microphone?
(1839, Billie Holiday’s “Strange Fruit”)
What is the Great American Songbook?
The songs that make it onto record are influenced and standardized based on the songwriters from the Tin Pan Alley
The songs that make it onto record are influenced and standardized based on the songwriters from the Tin Pan Alley are known as:
The Great american songbook
Which genres did the great American songbook lean towards?
Leaned more towards: ragtime, blues, and jazz
What happened to blues after the world war II?
After world war II, blues started to have an electrified, uptempo → Rhythm and Blues is a type of popular music which originated from African American communities.
How did Elvis Presley get inspired?
He heard the spread of blues music thorugh the radio (where now colored music was expanding to be accesbile to white folks as well)
What was Elvis Presley’s influence on the music industry?
recreated the rhythm and blues into rock and roll.
What was Elvis Presley also called
The king of rock and roll
When was the name “Rock and Roll” created and by who?
It was actually given the name rock and roll after a radio DJ, Alan Freed, was able to create this distinct category.
When did rock and roll become famous in America?
1950s
Who allowed rock and roll to become famous in the 1950s?
Alan Freed
How did the rock and roll era change the music industry?
1950s led to a change in songwriting approach due to rock and roll’s popularity. → the end of the tin pan alley/great american songbook.
Bellwethers
= One that serves as the leader for future trends
Chuck berry’s role for the music industry
Master of rock and roll: guitar style, lyrical (talking about cars, schools and girls), body language during performing and singing (1950s Johnny B. Goode).
True or false:
The music business is the record business and the publishing
True
Who was Berry Gordy
The ultimate music business entrepreneur. Created MoTown:
located in Detroit, became one of the most successful independent record companies in history.
What was the name of Berry Gordy’s business?
MoTown
How did MoTown influence the music business?
It led to what is now known as A&R
What is the name of the most successful independent record companies in history?
MoTown
How did the Beatles influence the music business?
Altered rock music
How did Bob Dylan influence the music industry?
Merged rock and folk
Who is Clive Davis?
a lawyer in CBS records, is a 4 Grammy winning record label
What was Clive Davis’ nickname?
the Man with Golden Ears
How did Clive Davis influence the music industry?
he foresaw and innovated future tastes in music
True or false:
By the 1960s, rock and soul along with the fusions of other genres such as disco, funk, soul, jazz and rock became the forefront of American culture.
T
artist manager
= work for a group of artists to promote their careers and run their business affairs. Their job is to secure the best work for their clients for the best fee.
List 5 examples of artist managers
Brian Epsteen, Malcom McClarin, and Def Jam, Rick Rubin, and Russel Simons
Which genre did Rick Rubin and Russel Simons make artists thrive?
Hip Hop
