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LC Chemistry > History of the atom > Flashcards

History of the atom Flashcards

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1
Q

who explained the properties of matter?

A

john Dalton

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2
Q

what did john dalton do

A

explained the properties of matter

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3
Q

what did william crooks do

A

discovered cathode rays and proved they moved from the cathode towards the anode

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4
Q

who discovered cathode rays and proved they moved from the cathode towards the anode

A

William crooks

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5
Q

what did JJ Thomson do

A

used cathode rays to show the existence of electrons
calculated the charged to mass ratio (e/m)
proposed the plum pudding model

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6
Q

who used cathode rays to show the existence of electrons
calculated the charged to mass ratio (e/m)
proposed the plum pudding model

A

JJ Thomson

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7
Q

what did robert millikan do

A

measured the charge on an electron using the oil drop experiment

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8
Q

who measured the charge on an electron using the oil drop experiment

A

Robert Millikan

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9
Q

what did ernest rutherford do

A

discovered the nucleus, proved it was positively charged due to protons
atoms are made up of mainly empty space

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10
Q

who discovered the nucleus, proved it was positively charged due to protons
atoms are made up of mainly empty space

A

Ernest Rutherford

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11
Q

who discovered the neutron?

A

James Chadwick

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12
Q

what did james chadwick do

A

discovered the neutron

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13
Q

what is daltons atomic theory

A

all matter is composed of small particles called atoms
all atoms are indivisible

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14
Q

what is the evidence for daltons atomic theory

A

ammonia reacts with hydrochloric acid to form ammonium chloride in a tube

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15
Q

describe the procedure of daltons experiment

A

a piece of ammonia soaked cotton wool is placed at one end of a glass tube
a piece of HCl acid soaked cotton wool is placed at the other end of the tube
stopper is put on both ends
after a few minutes a white substance is formed - ammonium chloride

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16
Q

explain the procedure of dalton’s experiment

A

ammonium and HCl acid evaporate from the cotton wool and the gas particles diffuse throughout the glass tube
when ammonia particles collide with the HCl acid particles they react to form ammonium chloride

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17
Q

Relative charge of a proton

A

+1

18
Q

Relative charge of an e-

A

-1

19
Q

Relative charge of a neutron

A

0

20
Q

relative mass of a proton

A

1

21
Q

relative mass of a neutron

A

1

22
Q

relative mass of an e-

A

negligable

23
Q

location of a proton

A

nucleus

24
Q

location of a neutron

A

nucleus

25
Q

location of an e-

A

orbitals

26
Q

cathode

A

negative

27
Q

anode

A

positive

28
Q

draw the diagram for Dalton’s atomic theory

A
29
Q

describe the maltese cross experiment

A

metal plate attached to end of cathode emits radiation
cathode rays cause glass tube to flouresce green
maltese cross is placed at end of vacuum tube and a shadow was cast.

30
Q

what did the maltese cross experiment prove

A

something is emitted from the cathode and moved in straight lines

31
Q

what did the paddle wheel show in the maltese cross experiment

A

the paddle turned away from the cathode proving cathode rays were coming from the cathode

32
Q

describe jj thomsons experiment

A

cathode ray tube with a high voltage applied to a metal filament causing charged particles to the emitted from the surface of the metal
particles are attracted to anode which has a hole
particles pass through and move towards the charged parallel plates
particles attracted to positively charged plates and hit a florescent screen

33
Q

what did jj thomson experiment prove?

A

the particles were negatively charged

34
Q

how did jj thomson calculate the ratio of the charge on an e- to the mass (e/m)

A

using at electromagnet

35
Q

properties of cathode rays

A

travel in straight lines
negatively charged

36
Q

describe thomsons plum pudding model

A

an atom is a sphere of positive charge
electrons are randomly embedded in the sphere

37
Q

how did thomson account for a neutral atom?

A

using the plum pudding model- equal amount of negative and positive charges

38
Q

describe Robert millikans experiment

A

oil droplet sprayed between 2 charged metal plates
xrays used to ionise air between plates
oil droplet picks up electrons as it travels through ionised air and becomes negatively charged

39
Q

describe rutherfords experiment

A

alpha particles are fired at a thin piece of gold foil
flourescent screen is placed around experiment

40
Q

describe the results of rutherfords experiment

A

some were deflected at large angles- positive nucleus repels positive alpha particles when they pass close by

most alpha particles passed through as atoms are mainly empty space

some were reflected backwards along the same path- alpha particles collided with dense nucleus that contains most of the mass of an atom

41
Q

describe chadwicks experiement

A

bombarded a piece of beryllium with alpha particles and found that particles containing no charge came from beryllium.
he found that neutral particles knocked protons out of paraffin wax therefore they have the same mass as protons

LC Chemistry (22 decks)

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