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LC Chemistry > Electronegativity > Flashcards

Electronegativity Flashcards

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1
Q

electronegativity

A

the relative attraction an atom in a molecule has for the shared pair of electrons in a covalent bond

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2
Q

polar covalent bond

A

one atom involved in the covalent bond has a partial negative and the other has a partially positive charge. this only happens when the electronegativity difference is big enough

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3
Q

why do noble gases have no electronegativity value?

A

they do not form compounds due to already having a stable outer octet

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4
Q

how do you tell which element has the positive and which has the negative dipole?

A

the element with the higher electronegativity value is always negatively charged

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5
Q

how do you calculate electronegativity difference

A

find each element on the electronegativity periodic table.
subtract the smaller value from the bigger one
= en difference

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6
Q

electronegativity difference for ionic bonding

A

greater than 1.7

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7
Q

electronegativity difference for polar covalent bonding

A

greater than 0.4, less than or equal to 1.7

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8
Q

electronegativity difference for non-polar covalent bonding

A

less than or equal to 0.4

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9
Q

how do you determine the type of bond it is?

A

by looking at the electronegativity difference

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10
Q

what shapes have polar bonds but are non-polar molecules

A

linear, tetrahedral, trigonal planar

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11
Q

what sentence do you use when explaining symmetry?

A

centres of positive and negative charges coincide

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12
Q

intramolecular bonding

A

the bonding within a molecule that holds it together
ie ionic, covalent

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13
Q

intermolecular forces

A

the force of attractions between 2 SEPERATE molecules
ie van der waals, dipole-dipole, hydrogen bonding

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14
Q

van der waals

A

weak forces of attraction between molecules resulting in the formation of temporary dipoles

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15
Q

which molecules experience van der waals

A

ALL

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16
Q

how do you explain boiling point?

A

do out as a table:
name the intramolecular bonding for each
name the intermolecular force for each
state it’s strength
how much energy is needed to overcome each of the forces (compare)

17
Q

dipole dipole

A

forces of attraction between the negative dipole on one polar molecule and the positive dipole of another polar molecule

18
Q

what molecules does dipole dipole involve

A

ONLY polar covalent

19
Q

strength of van der waals

A

weakest

20
Q

strength of dipole-dipole

A

Middle but still strong

21
Q

strength of hydrogen bonding

A

strongest

22
Q

hydrogen bonding

A

particular dipole dipole attraction between molecules where there is a hydrogen atom attached to either oxygen, nitrogen or fluorine

NOT A BOND IS BETWEEN 2 SEPERATE MOLECULES!!!

23
Q

how are hydrogen bonds soluble in water?

A

polar molecules dissolve in polar substances
because of a hydrogen bond formation between the 2 substances

24
Q

how do you explain whether a molecule is soluble in water

A

write out en difference
state whether it is polar or non-polar
State that water is polar
state whether it will form hydrogen bonds with water

*** if a polar molecule is nonpolar due to symmetry explain that centres of positive and neg charges coincide and that because of that it cannot form H bonds with water even though it has polar bonds

25
Q

what is a non-polar solvent

A

cyclohexane

26
Q

what happens when you put water near a negatively charged rod

A

the water is attracted/deflected towards the rod
why? pos dipole attracted to neg charge

27
Q

what happens when you put water near a positively charged rod

A

water is also attracted/deflected towards the rod
why? neg dipole attracted to pos charge

28
Q

what happens when you put cyclohexane near a charged rod

A

no deflection of liquid
why? it doesn’t have a pos or neg charge to be attracted to the rod

29
Q

what has to be present for a molecule to have symmetry

A

maximum 2 different elements bonded to eachother
in either a: tetrahedral, trigonal planar or linear shape

30
Q

what does hydrophilic mean

A

water loving, polar soluable section

31
Q

what does hydrophobic mean

A

non polar water hating

32
Q

give an example where it has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts

A

the phospholipid bilayer- makes up cell membrane in cells
hydrophobic tails face inward away from water
hydrophilic part faces outwards towards the water

33
Q

give a real life use of hydrogen bonding

A

in DNA the base pairs are held together by H bonds forming the double helix

LC Chemistry (22 decks)

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