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History of Personality Flashcards

1
Q

Paradigm

A

Scientific theories, one paradigm shares commonalities in its approach

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2
Q

Operationism

A

Theories are abstract, must be scientifically testable

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3
Q

Person-situation interaction

A

Ways situations, past and present, interact

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4
Q

External validity

A

Theory applies beyond its own subjects of study

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5
Q

Person-situation interaction

A

Ways situations, past and present, interact with a person

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6
Q

Continuity assumption

A

Normal and disturbed people vary in degree not kind

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7
Q

Assumptions of science (4)

A

Determinism, discoverability, scientific method, potential human benefit

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8
Q

The 1950’s-1970’s for personality psych was a time for ___

A

developing key constructs

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9
Q

Main factors that influence personality (3)

A

friends, genetics, parents

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10
Q

What contemporary attitudes in Austria influence Freud’s work

A

Victorian sexual moraility

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11
Q

Who published Personality: A Psychological Interpretation

A

Gordon Allport

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12
Q

Ethics in personality mean that ___

A

patient/participant provide informed consent

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13
Q

What does each personality theory reflect

A

interests and purposes of individual theorist

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14
Q

What behaviour did operant condition try to encourage

A

pro-social

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15
Q

What scientific idea influenced Freud

A

Theory of evolution

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16
Q

What historical events may have influenced Skinner

A

WWII

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17
Q

Modern personality psych arose in the ___

A

1930’s

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18
Q

History of personality psych goes back to ___

A

ancient greek times

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19
Q

What is a code of ethics

A

regulations of how to act within a certain profession

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20
Q

What personal exp may have affected Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

A

childhood abuse

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21
Q

What are personality traits

A

person’s usual ways of thinking, behaving, feeling

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22
Q

How do personality theories differ from philosophy

A

take a psychological and scientific approach

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23
Q

A personality trait is considered to be ___

A

enduring, relatively stable and rarely change much

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24
Q

What is personality

A

How an individual reacts due to internal factors, more scientific than personology

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25
What is personology
Term before personality, what makes people unique
26
Explain contribution of Hippocrates
physiology affects personality the physical humors- fluid in body and each fluid linked to personality trait type, people had diff amounts hence diff personalities
27
Explain contribution of Galen
same as Hipporcrates
28
Explain contribution of Plato
psychologist and philosopher | personality dvp begins in childhood
29
What are the four humors
Black bile, yellow bile, phlegm, blood
30
Personality traits associated with black bile
melancholic: deep thinker, obsessive
31
Personality traits associated with yellow bile
choleric: easily irritable, most negative out of all, passionate
32
Personality traits associated with phlegm
phlegmatic: calm deposition, avoids conflict
33
Personality traits associated with blood
sanguine: optimistic, friendly, social
34
What was the believed relationship between the humors and mental health
sickness showed the four humors outside of the body therefore must also affect inside when mentally sick
35
Before modern medicine what 3 procedures were done to mentally ill ppl
bloodletting: release fluid to restore balance leeches: conservative bloodletting trepanning: drill hole in skull to restore balance
36
What is the Barnum effect
tendency to believe accuracy of vague generalities about your personality
37
What is the document for psych ethics of research called and the year it was released
Belmont report | 1970's
38
What is construct validity
extent to which test truly measures theoretical construct
39
Case study
info collected about one person
40
Attributes of clinical method (3)
formulation of potentially answerable q's operationally defined concepts attitude of willingness to submit ideas to test
41
Major limitation of correlation studies
cannot provide info about casual relationships among variables
42
Freudians and other clinical investigators would use __ data
S-data
43
Reliability refers to
ability of a scale to give consistent results
44
Wording of items is sometimes reversed to ___
avoid response biases
45
A criticism of projective personality tests
highly subjective, problems with reliability and validity
46
Theories should be able to pass the test of ___
falsifiability: able to test theory to determine the truth of claims as true or false
47
MMPI
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
48
Construct bias
when a test has diff meanings for members of diff cultural groups
49
Purpose of projective personality test
uncover hidden emotions or attitudes that are impacting subject's life
50
Acquiescence bias
yeah-saying, agreeing to be agreeable, no useful info
51
Personality tests should define ___ from varied sample of population
normality/success
52
Borderline personality disorder is more frequently diagnosed in ___ than in ___
women, men
53
Most accurate predictions are based on ___
sound statistical formulas and rules
54
Social desirability bias
participants untruthful about socially taboo behaviours
55
S-data
self-disclosure
56
L-data
life history
57
O-data
reports observers make of target
58
B-data
observed behaviour
59
Most important data type
B-data
60
Diff b/t quantitative and qualitative methods
qualitative: types quantitative: amount
61
Correlational studies measures what
if two variables affect each other
62
Strengths of correlational studies
shows +/- relatioship
63
Weaknesses of correlational studies
does not show causation
64
Introspection
examination of one's on conscious thoughts and feelings
65
Reliavility
Measurement tool consistently gives same answer
66
Two types of reliability
large sample size | controlled testing conditions
67
Validity
extent to which tool measures what it's supposed to measure
68
5 types of validity
face validity construct validity content validity predictive validity
69
Error variance
portion of variance in scores due to outside variables and measurement error
70
Extreme bias
using extreme ends of scale to answer q's
71
Method bias
factors related to administration of test, results diff among diff cultural groups
72
Item bias
problems with bias
73
Ethnic bias
test procedures yield inaccurate results with members of ethnic minority groups
74
Gender bias
gender biases in personality assessment instruments and clinical diagnostic criteria
75
Projective tests
ambiguous images, bring out unconscious thoughts into open for observation based on Freudian psychology
76
Rorschach inkblot test
ambiguous image, interpreted by psychologist
77
Cons of Rorschach inkblot test
not objective enough | does not related well to diagnosis
78
Pros of Rorschach inkblot test
popular among clinicians | used as part of comprehensive psych assesment
79
Thematic appreciation test
series of cards with images, subject tells story with images, gives insight to inner motivations and feelings
80
How could personality tests be misused
given selectively to only one group due to assumptions built-in-bias-informs entire personality test against non-white participants and women can discriminate on how a person thinks

Personality Psychology (6 decks)

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