History of Pakistan

Question 1

name early problems of pakistan.

Question 2

what was the number of refugees who migrated from ________ because of ________ in the early days of Pakistan.
where is the road that connected India to Kashmir?
when did India cut off water supplies? where? results?

Answer 2

more than 10 million
East Punjab
large scale massacre of the Muslims by the sikhs
the road passes through pathankot tehsil of district Gurdaspur.
april 1948 vast areas in the vicinity of Lahore
crops grown on 1000 acres of land were damaged

Question 3

on August ___ 1947, QA summoned first session of _____________.
what did he do in that?

Answer 3

11 constituent assembly of Pakistan
he made a statement regarding the guiding principles of the future constitution of Pakistan.
he expressed hope that the future constitution of Pakistan shall be democratic & Islamic but by no means of theocratic nature.

rights of the non Muslim citizens should be equal to the Muslim citizens

Question 4

what did Quaid-e-Azam do for refugees?

Answer 4

the problem was managed on his appeal to the local people who came forward to help their brethren.
He established a Refugee relief fund to which people donated generously.

Question 5

how did Quaid-e-Azam deal with the public servants?

Answer 5

• he addressed public servants in Karachi on October 1947; he expressed deep sympathy with those who had lost their relatives in the partition turmoil.
• Addressing on March 25, 1948, the Quaid warned the public servants to change their colonial attitude. He reminded them that they were no more the rulers of the people they were now the servants

Question 6

the State Bank of Pakistan was made in ______ in _______.
on _______ QA inaugurated the state bank.
what did QA do for economic problems?

Answer 6

record period of 11 months
Karachi
July 1 1948
QA instituted “The Pakistan Fund” people contributed generously.

Question 7

what were the most significant steps taken by QA as the first Governor General of Pakistan?

Question 8

LAK DOB? DOD?
when did he join AIML?
he was elected as general secretary of AIML in __________.
& member of Central _________ Assembly in ________.
he was appointed _________ in the interim government formed by _______ in _____________.
why was LAK called QA’s right hand?
what was his position when he was assassinated?
what was the most major thing LAK did for which he will be remembered forever in history of Pakistan?
which report of LAK could not materialize due to later developments?

Answer 8

1985-1951
barrister by profession
1923
1936 Legislative 1945
finance minister Lord Wavell October 1946
Liaquat Ali Khan’s sincere & tireless efforts for the cause of the Muslim Nation
PM in public meeting Jalsa at Rawalpindi
the Objectives Resolution passed by the first constituent assembly of Pakistan in____
1949
1950 he presented the outlines of the proposed constitution of Pakistan in the form of Basic Principles Committee report

Question 9

what were the number of princely states? who is a “Resident”? what is his job?
what is British India?
what were the titles of the local rulers?

Answer 9

635 at the time of independence
a British officer served as a link between the British government & the local ruler in most of the states.
he made sure that the British policies were carried out by the ruler.
the areas captured by the British and brought under the direct control of the British crown
Rajas maharajas mirs Nawwab Mehtars and Nizam

Question 10

what areas were never made part of the British India?
who is a political agent?

Answer 10

North Western boundaries of India and in Balochistan
centuries old laws prevailed and old judicial practices were followed.
British officer served as a link between the local tribal Administration & the British government
where were those areas present?
these tribal areas were located on the border of Balochistan & the NWFP

Question 11

_______ was the largest Muslim princely state in India ruled by _____.
how many states acceded to Pak by when? name all?
in ____ all states were dissolved & amalgamated into _________

Answer 11

Kashmir Hindu Maharaja
the Indian staged the drama as if the Maharaja had signed a deed of Kashmir accession with India.
after this the Indian forces entered into the state of Jammu and Kashmir & occupied a large part of Jammu & Kashmir
10 states April 1948
dir, sawat Chitral and Hunza in NWFP
bahawalpur located on the borders of Punjab & Sindh
Kalat, Kharan, lasbela & Makran in the Balochistan area
1970 neighbouring provinces

Question 12

what were the problems constitution makers had to face?

Answer 12

• the greatest difficulty was posed by the geographical position of Pakistan.
  the political instability created due to the assassination of LAK
  East Pakistan demanded representation on the basis of population but West Pakistan insisted on distribution of powers & resources between the two wings on the basis of parity.
• the political instability created due to the assassination of LAK

Question 13

why was constitution urgently required?how was the temporary constituion formed?
when did Muhammad Ali Jinnah die?
when was LAK assassinated?

Answer 13

in order to run the state in accordance with the will of its citizens & in order to determine the rights & duties of the citizens of the state.
the Government of India before partition was being run under constitutional statue called the Government of India Act 1935 After the creation of Pakistan certain amendments were made in this Act & was adopted as the temporary constitution of Pakistan.
September 11, 1948
October 16, 1951

Question 14

what is independence of judiciary?

Answer 14

judges must be free to exercise their judicial powers without interference from litigants, the state, the media or powerful individuals or entities.

a person involved in a lawsuit.

Question 15

when was objective resolution passed & by whom & describe it in one line?
what is federal system of government?

Answer 15

March 12, 1949
constituent assembly
guiding principles for the future constitution of Pakistan framed in 1 doc. called objectives resolution.
In a federal system of government, the power to make decisions is shared between a central government & smaller governments within the country, like states or provinces.

Question 16

according to the 1956 Constitution, PM was the head of __________.
________ elected PM & President.
who were CM?

Answer 16

federal executive
National Assembly
National Assembly & two provincial assemblies (Yahya Khan & Sheikh Mujeeb ur Rahman)
provincial executive heads who were elected by the respective provincial assemblies.

Question 17

according to Islamic Provisions 1956,
a commission established under this constitution would?
who was the governor general after QA?

Answer 17

shall frame proposals to amend all the present pieces of the legislation in the light of Islamic injunctions.

all existing laws shall be amended in accordance with the Islamic spirit.
Khawaja Nazim-ud- Din (elected on 14/11 1948)

Question 18

khawaja Nazim-ud-Din took over as PM after _____
_________ was appointed as governor general.

Answer 18

assassination of LAK
Ex- finance minister Malik Ghulam Muhammad
khawaja Nazim-ud-Din was GG after QA but after assasination of LAK he took over as PM & Malik Gulam Muhammad was appointed PM in his place.

Question 19

why did GG MG Muhammad dismissed Khawaja Nazimuddin?
who was made PM then?
in which period pakistan’s foreign policy took a sharp pro-American turn? how?

Answer 19

he alleged the PM Khawaja Nazimuddin’s government of incompetence as the government had failed to control agitation.
Mohm. Ali Bogra Pakistan’s Ambassador in America was called back and appointed as PM.
Pak became a committed American ally in the Cold War international politics. In sep 1954 Pak joined SEATO & in Feb 1955 Pak joined CENTO
these were american sponosered military alliances & were instituted to serve the american interest.

Question 20

what was the greatest achievement of Ch. Muhammad Ali? when & why did Malik GM resign? who was GG?
on ________ the constituent assembly of Pakistan passed the first constitution of the country.
why was Iskandar Mirza elected as president? when?

Answer 20

1956 constitution
on October 16, 1955 Ghulam Muhammad reigned as GG on account of acute illness.
Iskandar Mirza
February 29, 1956
as the constitution did not provide Governor general’s office on March 5, 1956 Iskandar Mirza was elected as the first president of the IRP.

Question 21

who was the PM when president iskander Mirza imposed Martial Law in the country? when?
Ch. Muhammad Ali was replaced by the ______________ in __________. when was he removed? who was replaced?
which PM’s period was very short lived? who was he replaced by?

Answer 21

Feroz Khan Noon
October 7, 1958
east Pakistan politician Hussain Shaheed shorawardy
September 1956
October 1957
I.I. Chundirgar (less than 3 months )
Feroz Khan Noon

Question 22

who imposed the first Martial Law? when?
BD system? when? who? how many members?
who can BD members elect?
what were their powers?

Answer 22

On October 7, 1958 President Iskander Mirza.
He abrogated the constitution of 1956.
1959 Mohammad Ayub Khan promulgated
basic democracies order This order established basic democracy system.
in the beginning 80,000 BD members were elected from both provinces
the BD members elected the president & the members of the national and the two provincial assemblies
in case of the difference of opinion arising between the president and the national assembly the cases should be referred to the electoral college (body of BD members) for referendum

Question 23

what is four tier local self government system?

Answer 23

four tier local self government system was established under the BD system
ascending order
1 Union Council 2 Tehsil Council
3 The district Council 4 Divisional Council

Question 24

What reforms were introduced by Ayub Khan in the Muslim Family Law Ordinance? when?

Answer 24

1. MFLO set up the system of the registration of nikah & registration was made compulsory.
2. husband’s right of second marriage was limited & written permission from the first wife was made mandatory
3. early marriage was prohibited
4. divorce was made difficult & reconciliation was encouraged.
5. women were given a right to seek divorce through courts.

1959

Question 25

when was 1962 constitution formed? how? what was the process?

Answer 25

darft constitution announced: March 1, 1962
promulgated: June 8, 1962
instead of forming a representative body for framing the constitution, Ayub Khan appointed a body of legal Experts for this purpose.
The constitution Commission was headed by justice Shihabuddin. The president ignored many of the commission’s recommendations & himself made changes in the draft of the constitution which gave it an entirely new character.

Question 26

State any three Islamic Provisions of 1956 Constitution.

Question 27

what were the 2 fundamental principles that Ayub Khan believed were important for independent state, a stable government & an effective administration?
the BD members were made the ________ for the election of ________________.

Answer 27

democracy and discipline
the 1962 constitution formed by him was even a blend of democracy & discipline
electoral college of the president & the assemblies

Question 28

State any three Islamic Provisions of 1962 Constitution.

Answer 28

An Advisory Council of Islamic ideology compromising eminent men in theology, law & economic etc. to help the legislature, to frame laws in accordance with the teachings of Islam, will be established

Question 29

state any four salient features of the 1962 constitution

Question 30

in which elections Fatima Jinnah was defeated against whom?
what did it result into?

Answer 30

Presidential elections under BD system were held in January 1965
the general public refused to accept the result as fair.
The opposition alleged the government of mass scale rigging in the election & started a movement for restoration of democracy

Ayub Khan tried to suppress the movement with iron hand but failed & ultimately he was forced to resign on March 25 1969

Question 31

AK resigned on?
What made Ayub Khan to resign?
who was _____ after that? when?

Answer 31

he was forced to resign on March 25, 1969
AK failed to suppress the movement of unfair elections & was forced to resign.
president
he transferred power to the Army chief general Agha Mohammad Yahya Khan on March 25, 1969 who took over as president & Chief Marshal law administrator

Question 32

what was the most imp. event of Ayub Khan era?

Answer 32

Indo-Pak war

Question 33

in Indo-Pak war:
how did it started?

Answer 33

Hazratbal is a Shrine in Srin Nagar the capital of the Indian occupied Kashmir which is highly revered by the Muslims due to the hair of the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) which has been preserved there. in December 1963 The hair of the Prophet Muhammad was stolen from Hazratbal the incident spurred great unrest among Muslims because they held the Indian government responsible for this event Indian Army occupied a military post Rann of Kutch area in Sind.
in July 1965 the Pakistan army pushed the Indian troops, trying to cross International boundary at several points, back in their territory

Question 34

Briefly describe the contributions of Pakistani People during 1965 war. Write at
least three points.

Answer 34

Military Valor: Pakistani soldiers showed bravery and sacrifice on the battlefield, defending their nation against Indian attacks.
Civilian Support: The populace backed the armed forces with volunteering, donations, & morale, aiding the war effort from home.

National Unity: The war sparked a strong sense of patriotism & unity across Pakistan, as citizens stood together in support of their country’s defense.

Question 35

how did Indo-Pak war stop?
which posts Indian militray army occupied? when?

Answer 35

On September 20, 1965 the UN Security Council appealed India & Pakistan to ceasefire
on September 23 the ceasefire became effective & the war stopped.

Question 36

what was the prime target of Ayub’s government?
how did he achieve it?

Answer 36

• economic progress as its prime target from the very beginning & was able to achieve this target to a great extent.
• economic & industrial growth rate recorded in ayub era was much higher than the preceding decade of fifties.
• second 5 years plan (1960-65) launched by the Ayub government work in favourable conditions and achieved almost all of its target
• pace of economic growth was accelerated due to 5 year economic planning

decade of fifties : 1950 to 1959
pace: speed

Question 37

why was Ayub Era called the Green Revolution era?
what was done for water-logging & drainage system?

Answer 37

1. The farmers were facilitated to easy loans to install tubewells
2. in order to improve the drainage system mega projects like the Tarbela & the Mangla Dam were launched with the help of the World bank & the friendly countries
3. for eradication of water-logging & salinity tube-wells were installed in large numbers.
4. special attention was paid to enhance the production of grains & fruits.
5. high yield varieties were imported.
6. several steps were taken for development of livestock
7. the ADBP (agriculture development Bank of Pakistan) played very important role in the progress of agriculture sector during this period.

Question 38

how was the feudal system eliminated in Ayub Khan’s era?

Answer 38

Ayub Khan Instituted a Land Reforms Commission in 1958. In a short period of 4 months, the commission submitted its report under these reforms.

land holding was limited to 500 acres irrigated & 1000 acres non irrigated this was an important step towards the elimination of the feudal system.

small scattered pieces of land owned by one owner were consolidated to make a single-unit.
the landless & the tenants were given a chance to buy, in easy installments, the land surrendered by the big land owners.

Question 39

why people started to become disappointed in Ayub’s era?
what did East Pakistan do?
when did anti-Ayub agitation reached its climax?
Which city was the centre of anti Ayub riots ?

Answer 39

1. the political parties were made ineffective.
2. differences b/w the east & the west wings of the country reached to an enormous degree.
3. the demands for equitable distribution of resources and parity between the two wings intensified.
   East Pakistan leader Sheikh Mujib ur Rahman formulated the demand of the east wing people into his famous Six Points.
   November 1968
   Karachi

Question 40

how did Ayub khan’s Era ended?
how did Ayub Khan try to reconciliate __________?

Answer 40

w/ the opppsition
Ayub imposed emergency & called a Round table conference of opposition parties to find a way out at Rawalpindi.
he agreed to accept a number of opposition demands; to left emergency & to release political detainees

Question 41

what was Yahya Khan’s pledge?
when did he assume power?

Answer 41

he assured the nation that his only agenda was to hold elections & to hand over power to the elected representatives of the people asap
the election conducted by him were the most fair & free elections of the country’s history.
March 25, 1969

Question 42

what was LFO? who issued it? when?

Answer 42

Agha Muhammad Yahya Khan
March 30 1970
it stipulated basic roadmap for election & transfer of power. i.e
* the NA will consist of 313 members
* 300 seats will be filled through general elections 13 seats will be reserved for women
* on the basis of population the east Pakistan was given 169 & the west Pakistan was given 144 seats.
* number of provincial assembly was also specified
* the NA was mandated to frame constitution within 120 days

Question 43

why did East Pakistan politicians welcome LFO and what did LFO promise?
when did Yahya Khan appointed election comissioner?

Answer 43

pg 62

Question 44

explain elections 1970? what was it based on? under? results?

Answer 44

Elections under the LFO in December 1970 on the basis of adult franchise
the elections were transparent & free Awami League aawami league could not get even a single seat in the West wing on the other hand It captured 160 out of 162 general seats in East Pakistan the secret of awami league landslide victroy was it 6 points programme

Adult franchise: the right to vote, which should be granted to all adult citizens regardless of gender, caste, religion & colour.

Question 45

how many pakistanis & officers were taken prisoners?
name of terrorist wing of Awami League?
when did pakistani army surrender?
how did Indian army got strong?

Answer 45

more than 90,000
Mukti Bahini
when indian troops entered Dacca on Dec 16, 1971
In Aug 1971, By signing a military part with the Soviet Union the Indians strengthened their positions & gained the power they required for the breaking of Pakistan.
The Indian forces crossed the international borders & entered East Pakistan in November 1971