History of orthodontics & patient assessment Flashcards
How many order bends are there and what are they?
First-order bend -in and out
Second order - tip
Third order - torque (rectangular wires only)
What was the standard edgewise appliance?
Developed by Edward Angle in 1925
The bracket was the same for every tooth and had a passive slot
Bends were added to the archwires
What is the preadjusted edgewise appliance
Developed by Lawrence Andrews in 1970
Also called the straight-wire appliance
Brackets have inbuilt prescriptions
The inbuilt prescriptions within the brackets are in-out, tip and torque
What are the 3 stages of the tip edge appliance
Stage 1 - align teeth, correct molar relationship, crossbites and rotations
Stage 2 - start space closure and maintain stage 1 corrections
Stage 3 - Correct inclination of teeth
What are the two types of self ligating bracket?
Passive - has a slide mechanism which is passive and places no active force on arch wire
Active - Places an active force on the archwire
What bonding technique is used for lingual brackets?
Indirect bonding, lingual appliances also come in self ligating form
What are the 3 planes of space that we refer to in orthodontics?
Antero-posterior plane - AP - assess the patient from front to back
Vertical plane - assess the patient up and down
Transverse - horizontal - assess the patient from side to side
How do we measure crowding
Mild - 2-4mm
Moderate - 4-8mm
Severe - 8+mm
What else do we assess intra-orally?
Path of closure Spacing Teeth present/missing PPP - Presence, position, pathology SSC - Size, shape, colour TMJ Habits
What are the Andrews Six Keys?
Correct molar relationship Correct crown angulation Correct crown inclination Flat curve of spee No rotations No spaces new 7th key - Correct tooth size
What happens in late lower incisor crowding?
Adulthood:
Reduction in intermolar width
Mesial drift of dentition
Inter-canine width will constrict from age 15
