History of Now Flashcards
Significance of c. 4 B.C.
Supposedly the birth of Jesus Christ.
Initial strategy of allies during WW2
Appeasement - Hitler took austria and part of czechoslovakia.
Allies and Central Powers
The Powers known as the Allies in World War I were predominantly: Great Britain, France, Russia and Italy.
The Central Powers were Germany, the Austrian-Hungarian Empire, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria.
Empire vs nation state
Both are bound by common law. Empires tend to be massive, always monarchies, and encapsulate many nationalities. A nation state is, like the USA, a united group of people under one political system that may or may not be a monarch. The people tend to be primarily one nationality as well.
Annex
Add (territory) to one’s own territory by appropriation.
Scramble for Africa
The Scramble for Africa was the occupation, division, and colonization of African territory by European powers during the period of the New Imperialism, between 1881 and 1914. It is also called the Partition of Africa or the Conquest of Africa by some.
What is the significance of 1492
Columbus, at the dawn of globalization, landed in America. This would lead to the GB colonizing America and, eventually, the birth of the US.
Mecca
City in Saudi Arabia where Muhammad was born.
Primary event leading up to WW1
Austria-hungary archduke, Franz Ferdinand traveled to a place in A-H where Serbs lived and were hostile towards A-H.
Birth of Russia
c. 862 A.D. when the country was formed (known at the time as “Kievan Rus”.
Treaty of Versailles
The treaty that brought WW1 to an end (Germany lost land, soldiers, and owed money).
Who “colonized” what is now russia?
Vikings colonized the slavs.
Protestantism
The second largest form of christianity that differs minimally. Formed as to distinguish itself from “Roman” catholics.
Most populous religeons
Christianity (31.5%)
Islam (23.2%)
Hinduism (15.0%)
Buddhism (7.1%)
Iraq use to be:
Mesopotania
Hejira
Muhammad’s departure from Mecca to Medina in AD 622, prompted by the opposition of the merchants of Mecca and marking the consolidation of the first Muslim community.
Archduke
Senior official in austria-hungary empire
Sub-Saharan Africa
Geographically, the area of the continent of Africa that lies south of the Sahara. According to the United Nations, it consists of all African countries that are fully or partially located south of the Sahara.[2] It contrasts with North Africa, whose territories are part of the League of Arab states within the Arab world.
Nationality
A person’s nationality is determined by the their citizenship. (I’m a USA national).
Government of Athens after c. 508 BC
Direct democracy.
Where did Columbus land?
During four separate trips that started with the one in 1492, Columbus landed on various Caribbean islands that are now the Bahamas as well as the island later called Hispaniola
Three periods of Rome
- Period of kings
- The republic
- The empire
Caliph
A designated successor to Prophet Muhammed
Cause of Armenian Genocide
Racist scapegoating - In January 1915 Enver Paşa attempted to push back the Russians at the battle of Sarıkamış, only to suffer the worst Ottoman defeat of the war. Although poor generalship and harsh conditions were the main reasons for the loss, the (muslim) Young Turk government sought to shift the blame to (christian) Armenian treachery.
Hebrew
A member of an ancient people living in what is now Israel and Palestine and, according to biblical tradition, descended from the patriarch Jacob, grandson of Abraham.
Axis and allied powers
World War II was fought between two major groups of nations. They became known as the Axis Powers and the Allied Powers. The major Axis Powers were Germany, Italy, and Japan.
When did the last Roman emperor fall?
In 476, Romulus Augustus was deposed by a Germanic ruler named Odovacar.
Iran use to be:
Persia
Caliphate
The islamic state (empire) ran by a caliph
Who colonized north america?
The brits!
Monarchy
A political system with a single ruler.
Age of Discovery
From the beginning of the 15th century until the end of the 18th century), is an informal and loosely defined term for the period in European history in which extensive overseas exploration emerged as a powerful factor in European culture and which was the beginning of globalization.
Comecon
The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance was an economic organization from 1949 to 1991 under the leadership of the Soviet Union that comprised the countries of the Eastern Bloc along with a number of communist states elsewhere in the world.
Comecon was meant to prevent countries in the Soviet sphere of influence from moving towards that of the Americans and South-East Asia.
Who ended US Vietnam involvement
Nixon
Munich Agreement
An agreement between France and Nazi Germany, that France would not provide military assistance to Czechoslovakia in the upcoming German occupation of the “Sudetenland”, effectively dishonoring the French-Czechoslovak alliance.
Archaic
Of an early period of art or culture, especially the 7th–6th centuries BC in Greece.
Mikhail Gorbachev
The eighth and last leader of the USSR who loosened restrictions on citizens.
Colonize
Send a group of settlers to (a place) and establish political control over it.
Bolsheviks
A revolutionary socialist political party founded by Vladimir Lenin in 1898 in Minsk in Belarus to unite the various revolutionary organisations of the Russian Empire into one party.
Latin America
Mexico and below
Truman Doctrine
The Truman Doctrine of 1947 was an American foreign policy whose stated purpose was to counter Soviet geopolitical expansion during the Cold War. Thought by some to be the start of the Cold War. From Wilsons “safe for democracy” to Truman’s “safe from communism.” (the later isn’t an actual quote.
Significance of latin
The language spoken in Rome during the Roman Empire. It is the root of all romance languages (French, Italian, Spanish, Portugese).
What government was the archetype for the US?
The Roman Republic (though the Roman empire was seen as what to avoid).
Leonid Brezhnev
Russian ruler after Nikita Khrushchev
Pearl Harbor
Pearl Harbor is a U.S. naval base near Honolulu, Hawaii, that was the scene of a devastating surprise attack by Japanese forces on December 7, 1941. The goal was to prevent US opposition to Japan spreading to southeast asia.
Bethlehem
A Palestinian town south of Jerusalem in the West Bank.
Arab world
The north ~1/5 of Africa.
Death march
A march of captives as a means of transporting them in which death is a common and almost expected.
Anglosphere
The Anglosphere is the set of English-speaking nations that share common cultural and historical roots with the British Isles, and which today maintain close cultural, political, diplomatic and military cooperation.
iron curtain
The Iron Curtain was the name for the physical boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas from the end of World War II in 1945 until the end of the Cold War in 1991. The term symbolizes the efforts by the Soviet Union to block itself and its satellite states from open contact with the West and its allied states and establish communism.
First country
c. 3000 BC a semi-mythical conqueror named Menes, or perhaps Narmer, unified human history’s first country: the Egypt of the pharaohs.
Significance of 476
This is when the Roman empire was officially ended by the deposition of emperor Romulus Augustus. From here on, the area wouldn’t be held by Roman emperors - only “europeans.”
Who invented democracy? Where and when?
Cleisthenes in c. 508 BC in Athens, Greece.
Predominant religion of southeast asia
Islam.
Purpose of the Berlin Wall
To prevent those in communist east berlin to defect to capitalist west berlin.
Religion of Rome at its fall.
Christianity.
The five cardinal movers today and why
- USA - political, cultural, and economic
- China - it’s meteoric rise combined with its aspirations for greater power
- Russia - active in world affairs
- EU - politically influential (think demo socialism) and an economic powerhouse.
- Islamic world - religious influence
The Russian Revolution
The Russian Revolution was a pair of revolutions in Russia in 1917 which dismantled the Tsarist autocracy and led to the rise of the Soviet Union.
Armenian Genocide`
Genocide of the Armenians by the Ottoman Empire during WW1. 1.5 million exterminated.
Apartheid
A system of institutionalized racial segregation that existed in South Africa from 1948 until the early 1990s. It favored the white minority.
Meaning of Christopher
Christ bearer.
Vinland
Tip of North America discovered by the vikings (which had no historical consequence).
McCarthyism
The practice of making accusations of subversion or treason without proper regard for evidence.[1] The term refers to U.S. senator Joseph McCarthy (R-Wisconsin) and has its origins in the period in the United States known as the Second Red Scare, lasting from the late 1940s through the 1950s.[2] It was characterized by heightened political repression and a campaign spreading fear of Communist influence on American institutions and of espionage by Soviet agents.
Post-stalin ruler in USSR
Nikita Khrushchev
greco-roman
Relating to ancient greeks and romans.
Who colonized brazil?
Portugal
Byzantine Empire
Also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire and Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinople.
Facts around the birth of islam
Started by a prophet named Muhammad in Arabia in c. 622 AD.
Hispanic
Denoting people or countries with spanish roots.
Humanism
A Renaissance cultural movement which turned away from medieval scholasticism and revived interest in ancient Greek and Roman thought glorifying human achievements.
Arabia
The Arabia peninsula primarily composed of Saudi Arabia.
When did Columbus land in America?
1492
What was the government of Spain during Columbus’s exploration?
Christian monarch.
Fall of communism (Revolutions of 1989)
The Revolutions of 1989 formed part of a revolutionary wave in the late 1980s and early 1990s that resulted in the end of communist rule in Central and Eastern Europe and beyond. This included the fall of the Berlin Wall.
What turkey use to be called
The Ottoman Empire
Decolonization of Africa
The sudden decolonization of Africa that took place in the mid-to-late 1950s and 1960s after the prior “Scramble for Africa.”
Why did Columbus sail to america?
He, and only a handful of others, understood that, theoretically, one could reach the eastern Asian countries (for trade) by sailing west.
The three ‘G’s’ of the age of discovery
- Gold
- Glory
- God - the spread of catholicism
October Revolution
A revolution in Russia led by the Bolshevik Party of Vladimir Lenin that was instrumental in the larger Russian Revolution of 1917. It took place with an armed insurrection in Petrograd on 7 November (25 October, O.S.) 1917.
First country
c. 3000 BC a semi-mythical conqueror named Menes, or perhaps Narmer, unified human history’s first country: the Egypt of the pharaohs.
country vs nation
There is a difference between the terms nation, state, and country, even though the words are often used interchangeably. Country and State are synonymous terms that both apply to self-governing political entities. A nation, however, is a group of people who share the same culture but do not have sovereignty.
