History Of Neuroscience Flashcards
What does the brain provide according to Hippocrates?
Joy, delight, laughter, sports, sorrow, grief, despondency, lamentation, wisdom, and knowledge
Hippocrates, in ‘On the Sacred Illness,’ emphasizes the brain’s role in human experience and perception.
Who was Claudius Galen and what was his contribution to neuroscience?
A prolific medical author who described brain anatomy, mapped spinal cord function, and identified mental and brain disorders
Galen’s work laid the foundation for understanding brain function and mental health.
What is the significance of the Edwin Smith Papyrus?
EGYPTIAN ORIGINAL
It is one of the oldest medical texts, describing structures of the brain
It reflects early medical practices and understanding of human anatomy.
What theory did Hippocrates and Galen both adhere to?
Humoral theory
WHICH WAS INCORRECT
This theory posited that health is maintained by the balance of bodily fluids.
What did Andreas Vesalius achieve in the field of anatomy?
First systematic, published study of human anatomy, correcting many of Galen’s errors
Defined nerves as sensory and motor fibres and discovered that nerve are are hollow and arise from the brain
Challenged and put an end to humoral theory
What important debate did Ibn Sina contribute to?
The brain vs heart debate
Ibn Sina’s works explored the roles of the brain and heart in human physiology.
Fill in the blank: The brain was described by Galen as the __________.
[hegemonikon]
What did Santiago Ramón y Cajal discover?
Neurons and their connections, specifically the structure of the retina
His work earned him the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
True or False: The Western Roman Empire fell in 476 CE.
True
What is the Canon of Medicine and who authored it?
A medical text written by Ibn Sina in 1025 covering physiology, medications, and pathology
It is considered one of the greatest medical texts of the medieval period.
What was the importance of the fMRI scan introduced in 1990?
It allowed for non-invasive imaging of brain activity
fMRI has become a crucial tool in neuroscience research.
What did Vesalius assert about nerves?
Nerves arise from the brain and are not hollow
This challenged previous misconceptions about nerve structure.
What significant advancements did Ramón y Cajal make in the late 19th and early 20th centuries?
Developed techniques for studying neurons and their connections, including the use of the patch-clamp
His research laid the groundwork for modern neurobiology.
What is the significance of the Islamic World in the context of neuroscience?
It preserved and expanded upon Greek medical knowledge during the Middle Ages
Scholars like Ibn Sina were instrumental in this transmission of knowledge.
Fill in the blank: The Book of Healing was authored by _______.
[Ibn Sina]
