History of Microbiology Flashcards
They suggested that diseases were caused by “invisible living creatures”.
Lucretius and Girolamo Fracastoro
“Father of Protozoology and Bacteriology”
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Life arose from non-living matter
Spontaneous Generation
He mentioned that simple invertebrates could arise from spontaneous generation
Aristotle
He demonstrated that maggots do not arise spontaneously from decaying meat.
Francesco Redi
He proposed that organic matter possessed a “vital force” that could give rise to life.
John Needham
He observed that no growth took place as long as the flasks remained sealed
Lazzaro Spallanzani
Living cells can arise only from preexisting cells
Biogenesis
He challenged spontaneous generation with the concept of “Biogenesis”
Rudolf Virchow
Rudolf Virchow is considered as the Father of?
Modern Pathology
Stated that yeast cells were responsible for the conversion of sugars to alcohol
Theodore Schwann
He resolves the issue of spontaneous generation.
Louis Pasteur
A technique to prevent contamination by unwanted microorganisms
Aseptic technique
He demonstrated that no matter how long flasks were boiled, they always produced certain growth (heat resistant bacterial spores)
Ferdinand Cohn
He showed that dust carry germs which contaminates sterile broth
John Tyndall
Form of sterilization for three consecutive days
Tyndallization
Certain microorganisms known as “yeast” converts sugar to alcohol in the absence of air
Fermentation
Heating the beer and wine just enough to kill most of the bacteria
Pasteurization
Pasteur’s Contribution to Science:
- He disproved the theory of spontaneous generation
- He developed vaccines against anthrax and rabies
- He improved wine industry (theory of fermentation)
He demonstrated that routine hand washing can prevent the spread of disease. Also considered as the “Savior of mothers”
Ignatz Semmelweis
Father of Modern Surgery. He developed the antiseptic system of surgery
Joseph Lister
It is based on the concept that microorganism might cause disease
The Germ Theory of Disease
Established the first proof that bacteria indeed cause disease. Discovered that causative agent of anthrax and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Robert Koch
The causative agent of anthrax
Bacillus anthracis
She suggested the use of agar as solidifying agent
Fannie Hesse
He developed the Petri dish (plate)
Julius Richard Petri
They developed the enrichment-culture technique; introduced the use of selective media.
Martinis Beijerinck and Sergie Winogradsky
Experimented on how people can be protected against small pox
Edward Jenner
Used the therm “vaccine” for cultures of avirulent microorganism for preventive inoculation
Louis Pasteur
Discovered the penicillin (Penicillium notatum) antibiotic also the enzyme lysozyme
Alexander Fleming
They made the purification process for penicillin
Howard Florey and Ernst Chain
He was the first to propose the correct biochemical structure of penicillin
Edward Abraham
He discovered salvarsan (arsphenamine) for treatment of syphillis
Paul Ehrlich
Treatment of disease by using chemical substances.
Chemotherapy
Prepared from chemical in the laboratory
Synthetic drugs
Produced naturally by bacteria and fungi to act against microorganisms
Antibiotics
Study of organisms that individually are too small to be seen by the naked eye.
Microbiology
