History of Microbiology

Question 1

They suggested that diseases were caused by “invisible living creatures”.

Answer 1

Lucretius and Girolamo Fracastoro

Question 2

“Father of Protozoology and Bacteriology”

Answer 2

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Question 3

Life arose from non-living matter

Answer 3

Spontaneous Generation

Question 4

He mentioned that simple invertebrates could arise from spontaneous generation

Answer 4

Aristotle

Question 5

He demonstrated that maggots do not arise spontaneously from decaying meat.

Answer 5

Francesco Redi

Question 6

He proposed that organic matter possessed a “vital force” that could give rise to life.

Answer 6

John Needham

Question 7

He observed that no growth took place as long as the flasks remained sealed

Answer 7

Lazzaro Spallanzani

Question 8

Living cells can arise only from preexisting cells

Answer 8

Biogenesis

Question 9

He challenged spontaneous generation with the concept of “Biogenesis”

Answer 9

Rudolf Virchow

Question 10

Rudolf Virchow is considered as the Father of?

Answer 10

Modern Pathology

Question 11

Stated that yeast cells were responsible for the conversion of sugars to alcohol

Answer 11

Theodore Schwann

Question 12

He resolves the issue of spontaneous generation.

Answer 12

Louis Pasteur

Question 13

A technique to prevent contamination by unwanted microorganisms

Answer 13

Aseptic technique

Question 14

He demonstrated that no matter how long flasks were boiled, they always produced certain growth (heat resistant bacterial spores)

Answer 14

Ferdinand Cohn

Question 15

He showed that dust carry germs which contaminates sterile broth

Answer 15

John Tyndall

Question 16

Form of sterilization for three consecutive days

Answer 16

Tyndallization

Question 17

Certain microorganisms known as “yeast” converts sugar to alcohol in the absence of air

Answer 17

Fermentation

Question 18

Heating the beer and wine just enough to kill most of the bacteria

Answer 18

Pasteurization

Question 19

Pasteur’s Contribution to Science:

Answer 19

1. He disproved the theory of spontaneous generation
2. He developed vaccines against anthrax and rabies
3. He improved wine industry (theory of fermentation)

Question 20

He demonstrated that routine hand washing can prevent the spread of disease. Also considered as the “Savior of mothers”

Answer 20

Ignatz Semmelweis

Question 21

Father of Modern Surgery. He developed the antiseptic system of surgery

Answer 21

Joseph Lister

Question 22

It is based on the concept that microorganism might cause disease

Answer 22

The Germ Theory of Disease

Question 23

Established the first proof that bacteria indeed cause disease. Discovered that causative agent of anthrax and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Answer 23

Robert Koch

Question 24

The causative agent of anthrax

Answer 24

Bacillus anthracis

Question 25

She suggested the use of agar as solidifying agent

Answer 25

Fannie Hesse

Question 26

He developed the Petri dish (plate)

Answer 26

Julius Richard Petri

Question 27

They developed the enrichment-culture technique; introduced the use of selective media.

Answer 27

Martinis Beijerinck and Sergie Winogradsky

Question 28

Experimented on how people can be protected against small pox

Answer 28

Edward Jenner

Question 29

Used the therm “vaccine” for cultures of avirulent microorganism for preventive inoculation

Answer 29

Louis Pasteur

Question 30

Discovered the penicillin (Penicillium notatum) antibiotic also the enzyme lysozyme

Answer 30

Alexander Fleming

Question 31

They made the purification process for penicillin

Answer 31

Howard Florey and Ernst Chain

Question 32

He was the first to propose the correct biochemical structure of penicillin

Answer 32

Edward Abraham

Question 33

He discovered salvarsan (arsphenamine) for treatment of syphillis

Answer 33

Paul Ehrlich

Question 34

Treatment of disease by using chemical substances.

Answer 34

Chemotherapy

Question 35

Prepared from chemical in the laboratory

Answer 35

Synthetic drugs

Question 36

Produced naturally by bacteria and fungi to act against microorganisms

Answer 36

Antibiotics

Question 37

Study of organisms that individually are too small to be seen by the naked eye.

Answer 37

Microbiology