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General Biology 2 > History of Life on Earth > Flashcards

History of Life on Earth Flashcards

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1
Q

Haldane suggested that the early oceans were a solution of organic molecules, a ___________ from which life arose.

A

primitive soup

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2
Q

Our planet formed ___ years ago,

A

4.6 billion

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3
Q

The early earth’s atmosphere was characterized by having __________ and was probably ___________

A

little oxygen & thick with water vapor

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4
Q

Who are the proponents of the Primordial Soup Theory?

A

Alexander Oparin and John Haldane

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5
Q

Oparin and Haldane 1)_________ hypothesized that Earth’s early atmosphere was a 2)_____________, in which organic compounds could have formed from simpler molecules.

A
  1. independently
  2. reducing environment
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6
Q

The energy for the synthesis of organic compounds to simpler molecules are possible with the help of __________ and __________

A

lightning and UV radiation

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7
Q

2 theories are believed to be the origin of life. Identify this two.

Clue: Sila yung topic nung debate🫢🤫

A

Primordial Soup Theory and Hydrothermal Vents

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8
Q

The idea that the first forms of life originated from primitive water bodies on Earth, which contained complex organic matter. The organic matter that led to the formation of life is believed to have formed from inorganic (lifeless) substances present in the reducing atmosphere of the early earth.

A

Primordial Soup Theory

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9
Q

These are areas on the seafloor where heated water and minerals gush from Earth’s interior into the ocean. Some of these are known as “black smokers”

A

Deep-sea hydrothermal vents

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10
Q

These vents release water so hot, that organic compounds formed there may have been unstable.

1) What do you call these vents?
2) Gaano kainit ang tubig sa mga vents na ito?

A
  1. deep-sea hydrothermal vents
  2. 300-400 degrees Celsius
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11
Q

These vents contain hydrocarbons and are full of tiny pores (inset) lined with iron and other catalytic minerals.

A

deep-sea alkaline vents

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12
Q

Early oceans were 1)_______, and so a 2)________ would have formed between the interior of the vents and the surrounding ocean water. Energy for the synthesis of organic compounds could have been harnessed from this 2)_________.

A
  1. acidic
  2. pH gradient
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13
Q

These deep-sea vents release water that has a high pH 1)(______) and is warm 2)(________) rather than hot, an environment that may have been more suitable for the origin of life.

A

answer: alkaline vents

  1. 9-11 pH
  2. 40-90 degrees Celsius
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14
Q

Largest known carnivore of its day, was more closely related to mammals than to reptiles. The spectacular “sail” on its back may have functioned in temperature regulation.

A

Dimetrodon

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15
Q

Some prokaryotes bind thin films of sediments together, producing layered rocks called ________

A

stromatolites.

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16
Q

It is the first aquatic organism na nag-colonized sa land. An extinct aquatic organism that is the closest known relative of the four-legged vertebrates that went on to colonize land.

A

Tiktaalik

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17
Q

4 major divisions of the Geologic Time Scale

A
  1. Hadean
  2. Archaean
  3. Proterozoic
  4. Phanerozoic
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18
Q

3 major eras in the Phanerozoic eon

A
  1. Paleozoic
  2. Mesozoic
  3. Cenozoic
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19
Q

Under the Proterozoic eon, the _________ period was characterized by the diverse algae and soft-bodied invertebrate animals.

A

Ediacaran Period

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20
Q

Fossils of soft-bodied organism

A

Ediacaran Biota

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21
Q

Enumerate the 6 main periods under the Paleozoic era.

A

Cambrian
Ordovician
Silurian
Devonian
Carboniferous
Permian

22
Q

Under the paleozoic era, the _______ period is characterized by the sudden increase in diversity of many animal phyla, also called as ______________

A

Cambrian period; Cambrian explosion

23
Q

Under the paleozoic era, the _______ period is characterized by the abundance of marine algae and the colonization of land by diverse fungi, plants, and animals.

A

Ordovician period

24
Q

Under the paleozoic era, the _______ period is characterized by the diversification of early vascular plants

A

Silurian period.

25
Q

Under the paleozoic era, the _______ period is characterized by the diversification of bony fishes; first tetrapods and insects appear

A

Devonian

26
Q

Under the paleozoic era, the _______ period is characterized by the extensive forests of vascular plants form; first seed plants appear; origin of reptiles; amphibians dominant

A

Carboniferous

27
Q

Under the paleozoic era, the _______ period is characterized by the radiation of reptiles; origin of most present-day groups of insects; extinction of many marine and terrestrial organisms at end of the period.

A

Permian

28
Q

3 periods under the Mesozoic era

A

Triassic
Jurassic
Cretaceous

29
Q

Under the Mesozoic era, the _______ period is characterized by the dominant landscape of cone-bearing plants (gymnosperms); dinosaurs evolve and radiate; origin of mammals.

A

Triassic

30
Q

Under the Mesozoic era, the _______ period is characterized by the continued dominance of gymnosperms and the diverse and abundant dinosaurs.

A

Jurassic

31
Q

Under the Mesozoic era, the _______ period is characterized by the appearance and diversification of flowering plants (angiosperms); many groups of organisms, including most dinosaurs become extinct at end of period.

A

Cretaceous

32
Q

3 main periods under the Cenozoic era

A

Paleogene
Neogene
Quaternary

33
Q

3 main epochs under the Paleogene period

A

Paleocene
Eocene
Oligocene

34
Q

2 main epochs under the Neogene period

A

Miocene
Pliocene

35
Q

2 main epochs under the Quaternary period

A

Pleistocene
Holocene

36
Q

Under the Phanerozoic eon, Cenozoic era, Paleogene period, the _______ epoch is characterized by the major radiation of mammals, birds, and pollinating insects.

A

Paleocene

37
Q

Under the Phanerozoic eon, Cenozoic era, Paleogene period, the _______ epoch is characterized by the increase of angiosperm dominance; continued radiation of most present-day mammalian orders.

A

Eocene

38
Q

Under the Phanerozoic eon, Cenozoic era, and Paleogene period, the _______ epoch is characterized by the origin of many primate groups.

A

Oligocene

39
Q

Under the Phanerozoic eon, Cenozoic era, Neogene period, the _______ epoch is characterized by the continued radiation of mammals and angiosperms; earliest direct human ancestors

A

Miocene

40
Q

Under the Phanerozoic eon, Cenozoic era, Neogene period, the _______ epoch is characterized by the appearance of bipedal human ancestors.

A

Pliocene

41
Q

Under the Phanerozoic eon, Cenozoic era, Quaternary period, the _______ epoch is characterized by ice ages; origin of genus Homo

A

Pleistocene

42
Q

Under the Phanerozoic eon, Cenozoic era, and Quaternary period, the _______ epoch is characterized as the historical time.

A

Holocene

43
Q

The earliest direct evidence of life, dating
from 3.5 billion years ago, comes from
____________________________

A

fossilized stromatolites

44
Q

During this eon, the oldest fossils of eukaryotic cells and the diverse algae and soft-bodied invertebrate animals appear.

A

Proterozoic

45
Q

During this eon, the oldest fossils of prokaryotic cells appear; Oxygen Revolution

A

Archaean

46
Q

Formation of earth

A

Hadean

47
Q

States that mitochondria and plastids (a general term for chloroplasts and related organelles) were formerly small prokaryotes that began living
within larger cells

A

Endosymbiont theory

48
Q

cell living inside another cell

A

endosymbiosis

49
Q

Organism na naging dahilan kung bakit nagkaroon ng sudden increase of Oxygen noong Proterozoic eon

A

cyanobacteria

50
Q

The first eukaryotes are discovered ______ years ago

A

1.8 billion years ago

General Biology 2 (4 decks)

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