History of Life on Earth Flashcards
Haldane suggested that the early oceans were a solution of organic molecules, a ___________ from which life arose.
primitive soup
Our planet formed ___ years ago,
4.6 billion
The early earth’s atmosphere was characterized by having __________ and was probably ___________
little oxygen & thick with water vapor
Who are the proponents of the Primordial Soup Theory?
Alexander Oparin and John Haldane
Oparin and Haldane 1)_________ hypothesized that Earth’s early atmosphere was a 2)_____________, in which organic compounds could have formed from simpler molecules.
- independently
- reducing environment
The energy for the synthesis of organic compounds to simpler molecules are possible with the help of __________ and __________
lightning and UV radiation
2 theories are believed to be the origin of life. Identify this two.
Clue: Sila yung topic nung debate🫢🤫
Primordial Soup Theory and Hydrothermal Vents
The idea that the first forms of life originated from primitive water bodies on Earth, which contained complex organic matter. The organic matter that led to the formation of life is believed to have formed from inorganic (lifeless) substances present in the reducing atmosphere of the early earth.
Primordial Soup Theory
These are areas on the seafloor where heated water and minerals gush from Earth’s interior into the ocean. Some of these are known as “black smokers”
Deep-sea hydrothermal vents
These vents release water so hot, that organic compounds formed there may have been unstable.
1) What do you call these vents?
2) Gaano kainit ang tubig sa mga vents na ito?
- deep-sea hydrothermal vents
- 300-400 degrees Celsius
These vents contain hydrocarbons and are full of tiny pores (inset) lined with iron and other catalytic minerals.
deep-sea alkaline vents
Early oceans were 1)_______, and so a 2)________ would have formed between the interior of the vents and the surrounding ocean water. Energy for the synthesis of organic compounds could have been harnessed from this 2)_________.
- acidic
- pH gradient
These deep-sea vents release water that has a high pH 1)(______) and is warm 2)(________) rather than hot, an environment that may have been more suitable for the origin of life.
answer: alkaline vents
- 9-11 pH
- 40-90 degrees Celsius
Largest known carnivore of its day, was more closely related to mammals than to reptiles. The spectacular “sail” on its back may have functioned in temperature regulation.
Dimetrodon
Some prokaryotes bind thin films of sediments together, producing layered rocks called ________
stromatolites.
It is the first aquatic organism na nag-colonized sa land. An extinct aquatic organism that is the closest known relative of the four-legged vertebrates that went on to colonize land.
Tiktaalik
4 major divisions of the Geologic Time Scale
- Hadean
- Archaean
- Proterozoic
- Phanerozoic
3 major eras in the Phanerozoic eon
- Paleozoic
- Mesozoic
- Cenozoic
Under the Proterozoic eon, the _________ period was characterized by the diverse algae and soft-bodied invertebrate animals.
Ediacaran Period
Fossils of soft-bodied organism
Ediacaran Biota
Enumerate the 6 main periods under the Paleozoic era.
Cambrian
Ordovician
Silurian
Devonian
Carboniferous
Permian
Under the paleozoic era, the _______ period is characterized by the sudden increase in diversity of many animal phyla, also called as ______________
Cambrian period; Cambrian explosion
Under the paleozoic era, the _______ period is characterized by the abundance of marine algae and the colonization of land by diverse fungi, plants, and animals.
Ordovician period
Under the paleozoic era, the _______ period is characterized by the diversification of early vascular plants
Silurian period.
