History of Healthcare

Question 1

First documented evidence of healers/healthcare providers?

Answer 1

15000 BCE

Question 2

Who offered the first actual medical documents and was ordained the “God of Medicine”

Answer 2

Imhotep

Question 3

Lived in 4th century BCE and was called the “father of Medicine”

Answer 3

Hippocrates

Question 4

Who believed that medicine was a calling and that all people should be treated equally, regardless of class or affluence

Answer 4

Hippocrates

Question 5

Who formalized the concept of the 4 humours and what are they?

Answer 5

Hippocrates: black bile, yellow bile, phlegm and blood

Question 6

What is the miasmatic theory of disease?

Answer 6

toxic fumes over cesspits poison the body when inhaled

Question 7

Lived in late 100’s CE and was the first to document his surgeries and treatments.

Answer 7

Galen

Question 8

The life-giving force that Galen believed was present around us, breathed into out lungs, transferred into blood by our heart and distributed to tissues alongside the 4 humours, giving us vitality.

Answer 8

Pneuma

Question 9

How long did Galen drive health care teaching and learning with his work?

Answer 9

1600 years

Question 10

When did the dark ages of medicine start?

Answer 10

500 CE at the fall of the Roman empire

Question 11

What were some changes in healthcare that occurred in the dark ages of medicine

Answer 11

• healthcare became tiered by wealth and affluence
• self care became more prevalent
• religion regained role in healing
• medical texts were limited to clergy, royalty and aristocrats

Question 12

St. Roche was the saint of what?

Answer 12

the plague

Question 13

St. Dymphna was the saint of what?

Answer 13

mental ilness

Question 14

St. Hubert was the saint of what?

Answer 14

hunters/rabies

Question 15

St. Blaise was the saint of what?

Answer 15

throat complaints

Question 16

Commoner who self taught medical evaluation and treatment and wrote the Canon of Medicine?

Answer 16

Avicenna

Question 17

What event was, at least in part, responsible for the end of the dark ages of medicine?

Answer 17

the bubonic plague that killed 1/3 of the population of Europe in 1340’s

Question 18

What were some changes in healthcare that occurred in the Renaissance?

Answer 18

• growth and exploration of healthcare resumed and expanded outside clergy and royalty
• hospitals and infirmaries began

Question 19

Father of modern toxicology?

Answer 19

Phillipus von Hohenheim

Question 20

Author of the first anatomy textbook, “Fabric of the Human Body” which challenged much of Galen’s theories?

Answer 20

Andreas Vesalius

Question 21

Who described blood flow and the heart’s role, effectively ending the humours theory and in what decade?

Answer 21

William Harvey in the 1600’s

Question 22

Who created the first vaccine (for small pox) and how?

Answer 22

Jenner from cow pox after noticing that farmers exposed to cows with cow pox were not dying of small pox

Question 23

Who first used ether as an anesthetic and later killed himself because of crimes committed while high on ether?

Answer 23

William Thomas Green Morton

Question 24

Who found that citrus (Vitamin C) prevented scurvy?

Answer 24

James Lind

Question 25

Who invented the stethoscope?

Answer 25

Rene Laennec

Question 26

Obstetrician that identified hand washing as a preventative for post parts puerperal sepsis?

Answer 26

Semmelweiss

Question 27

Who discovered anthrax and tuberculosis microorganisms?

Answer 27

Robert Koch

Question 28

What are Koch’s postulates on microorganisms?

Answer 28

• pathogen must be present in every case of disease and not present in healthy animal
• pathogen must be isolated from diseased animal and grown in culture
• the same disease must be produced when healthy animal is infected with pathogen grown in culture
• the same pathogen must be recovered from artificially infected animal and grown again in culture

Question 29

What is the meaning behind the barber pole?

Answer 29

signaled that barber doctor’s were open for business

• white stripes were for bandages
• red stripes were for blood
• round glass vessel on top was for leaches/bloodletting

Question 30

Who created the first X-ray tube and in what year?

Answer 30

Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen in 1895

Question 31

Who wrote the report entitled “medical education in the US and Canada” for the AMA’s council on Medical education in 1906 that was the impetus for education reform?

Answer 31

Abraham Flexner

Question 32

Who first reported discovery of sulfa drugs and in what year?

Answer 32

Gerhard Domagk in 1935

Question 33

Who discovered Penicillin and in what year?

Answer 33

Flemming in 1928 but did not reveal it for common use until 1941

Question 34

Where and when was penicillin first mass produced?

Answer 34

Peoria, IL in 1943