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Intro to Healthcare > History of Chiropractic > Flashcards

History of Chiropractic Flashcards

1
Q

When did heroic medicine predominate?

A

the 1800’s

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2
Q

What time of medicine included treatments such as bloodletting, amputation, intestinal purging, vomitting and pyretics

A

heroic medicine

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3
Q

Who was a fan of heroic medicine and and enemy of licensure and regulation of medicine?

A

Benjamin Rush

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4
Q

What was the primary agenda of the AMA what it was established in 1847 in the US?

A

elevate education standards and establish licensure in order to control who and how health care was provisioned

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5
Q

Which profession subsumed bonesetters in the US?

A

orthopedics

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6
Q

Who wrote “New Guide to Health; or Botanic Family Physician” and sold it to families as an alternative to heroic medicine?

A

Samuel Thomson, founder of the Thomsonian Movement

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7
Q

The originator of eclectic medicine?

A

Constantine Samuel Rafinesque

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8
Q

What did eclectic medicine advocate for?

A

an approach that used components of many different styles of healing including herbal medicine

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9
Q

Who were medicines competition in the 1800-1900’s

A
  • Thomsonianism
  • eclectic medicine
  • herbal medicine
  • homeopathy
  • magnetic healing
  • osteopathy
  • chiropractic
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10
Q

Who were the Shakers?

A

Community inclined to herbal remedies that publish substantial material on cultivation, preservation and use of natural botanical remedies

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11
Q

The father of modern homeopathy?

A

Samuel Hahnemann

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12
Q

What is the “Law of similar”?

A

a law employed by homeopathy that indicated the used of counter irritants to combat disease
i.e. sweating out a fever

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13
Q

What is animal magnetism?

A

a force that exists in nature and Magnetic Healers had the power to channel that force to treat health problems

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14
Q

What is Vitalism?

A

The belief that the body can and does heal itself and that treatment should be focused on freeing and potentiating the internal forces to aid the body in exterminating disease

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15
Q

Energy, Soul, Innate force, Innate intelligence are all terms used to describe what?

A

vitalism

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16
Q

Who was the founder of osteopathy?

A

Andrew T. Still

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17
Q

Who was the founder of chiropractic?

A

D.D. Palmer

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18
Q

What were Andrew T. Still and D.D. Palmer before founding their professions?

A

magnetic healers, rooted in vitalism and holism

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19
Q

The Law of the Artery

A

defined osteopathy

-a disturbed artery could alter blood flow/life giving forces and cause disease

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20
Q

What are the differences between osteopathic manipulation and chiropractic manipulation?

A
  • osteopathic: low velocity, high amplitude

- chiropractic: high velocity, low amplitude

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21
Q

A term coined to describe laws medicine tried to pass to restrict non-medical practitioners from practicing?

A

“black laws”

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22
Q

Who wrote “On Setting Joints by Leverage”?

A

Hippocrates

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23
Q

Who predates the Palmers in their use of manipulation?

A

Vesalius, Friar Thomas, Hood, Jones and Still

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24
Q

What is being done with manipulation according to Hippocrates?

A

Balancing flow of humours

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25
Q

What is being done with manipulation according to PT’s?

A

addressing adhesions

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26
Q

What is being done with manipulation according to Still and osteopathy?

A

facilitating blood flow

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27
Q

What is being done with manipulation according to bonesetters and orthopedics?

A

joints and adjacent bones

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28
Q

What is being done with manipulation according to Palmer and traditional chiropractors?

A

innate intelligence flowing through nerves

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29
Q

Where and when was DD Palmer born?

A

Port Perry, Ontario on March 6, 1845

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30
Q

When did DD Palmer take up Magnetic Healing?

A

1886 at the age of 41

31
Q

What was DD Palmer using magnetic healing powers and chiropractic to “cure”?

A

inflammation through nerve pathways

32
Q

What was the date of the first chiropractic adjustment and who was it on?

A

September 18th 1895, on Harvey Lillard

33
Q

What vertebrae was adjusted on Harvey Lillard and what did it allegedly cure?

A

T4, deafness

34
Q

Who referred Harvey Lillard and what was this person known for?

A

the reverend Samuel Weed who devised the term “chiropractic”, meaning done by hand in Greek, in April of 1896

35
Q

Where did DD first practice magnetic healing and where did he eventually move to and transition into chiropractic?

A

Burlington, IA and moved to Davenport, IA

36
Q

What was the name of the newspaper that DD published to promote chiropractic and criticize medicine?

A

“The Educator, the Chiropractor or the Magnetic”

37
Q

When was the Palmer School of Magnetic Cure incorporated into his infirmary?

A

July 1896

38
Q

When did DD Palmer start to teach chiropractic?

A

January 1897 as a 3 month course for $500 tuition

39
Q

What is the origin of the Straight vs. Mixer battle between chiropractors?

A

Solon Langworthy and his American School of Chiropractic and Nature Cure in Cedar Rapids, IA which incorporated stretching and herbs in its curriculum

40
Q

When was PSOC left to BJ Palmer?

A

in 1902 when DD moved to Pasadena, CA?

41
Q

When was DD arrested and convicted of practicing medicine without a license?

A

Arrested in late 1905 and convicted in 1906

He was sentenced for 105 days in jail but only served 23 days until his wife paid bail.

42
Q

Books under DDs name?

A
  • The chiropractic adjuster (1910)
  • Text book of the science, art and philosophy of chiropractic for students and practitioners (1910)
  • The Chiropractor (1914, post death)
  • Daily Meditations of DD Palmer (1982, post death)
43
Q

Schools associated with DD?

A
  • Palmer School of Magnetic Cure
  • Palmer School of Chiropractic
  • Pacific (or Portland) College of Chiropractic
  • Santa Barbara Chiropractic School
  • Charles Ray Parker School of Chiropractic in Medford OK
  • Palmer-Gregory School of Chiropractic in Oklahoma City
  • DD Palmer College of Chiropractic in Portland
44
Q

In the Palmer Family Vanguard, who is the Founder?

A

Daniel David Palmer

45
Q

In the Palmer Family Vanguard, who is the Developer?

A

Bartlett Joshua Palmer

46
Q

In the Palmer Family Vanguard, who is the First Lady?

A

Mabel Heath Palmer (BJ’s wife)

47
Q

In the Palmer Family Vanguard, who is the Educator?

A

David Daniel Palmer (BJ’s son)

48
Q

In the Palmer Family Vanguard, who is the Refiner of Chiropractic?

A

Vickie Anne Palmer (BJ’s granddaughter)

49
Q

When and where was DD injured in a parade?

A

in Pasadena in 1913

50
Q

When did DD die and of what?

A

6 weeks after parade injury of Typhoid fever

51
Q

When and where was BJ Palmer born?

A

September 14, 1882 in What Cheer, IA

52
Q

When did BJ graduate from Palmer School of Magnetic Cure?

A

1902

53
Q

When did BJ purchase the Palmer School of Magnetic Cure from his dad?

A

1906, renaming BJ Palmer School of Chiropractic

54
Q

What device was herald the decline of BJs authoritarian hold on the chiropractic profession?

A

His development and promoting of the Neurocalometer which created battles within the profession as well as externally with medicine.

55
Q

What is the Hole in One technique?

A

Developed by BJ and treated only C1 for all conditions

56
Q

What is the ADIO principle?

A

the Above-Down-Inside-Out principle, developed by BJ, that posited that innate intelligence flowed from the brain down and inside the body to the outside

57
Q

What is the Safety Pin Theory?

A

the idea that the flow of innate to and from the CNS is on a circuit like a safety pin. If the safety pin is open, the circuit is broken. Adjustments ensure that the safety pin is closed. Also developed by BJ

58
Q

What was the purpose of founding the international association of Chiropractic Schools and Colleges, the Federation of Chiropractors (became the licensing board) and the Universal Chiropractors Association (UCA)?

A

So that BJ could exert control on chiropractic education to preserve the purity of the profession

59
Q

Why was the Chiropractic Health Bureau formed?

A

Formed by BJ after he was not reelected to leadership in UCA.

60
Q

What was the Chiropractic Health Bureau (CHB) a precursor of?

A

the International Chiropractors Association (ICA)

61
Q

What are the “Green Books”?

A

41 publications of DD and BJ from 1908 to 1966 that are considered the seminal works of the profession

62
Q

Who is credited for coining the term “broadcasting”?

A

BJ Palmer who bought 2 radio stations (WOC in Davenport and WHO in Des Moines)

63
Q

When did BJ die?

A

1961

64
Q

What event precipitated BJ’s retirement and when?

A

Mabel’s death in the late 1940’s

65
Q

In 1931, how many chiropractors were there in the US and how many prosecutions of chiropractors by medicine occurred?

A

There were 12,000 chiropractors and 15,000 prosecutions

66
Q

Why is Shegataro Morikubo significant?

A

He was arrested and prosecuted fro practicing medicine, surgery and osteopathy in Wisconsin and later acquitted of all charges. It was the beginning of a shift in the profession and legal systems that would stop bullying by medicine.

67
Q

How many years did it take to achieve licensure in all 50 states?

A

60 years

68
Q

What was Medicine purpose of “Basic Science Statues”?

A

To prevent practitioners (outside medicine) from being eligible to get licenses. They were repealed in 1979 because they began harming MD students more than DC students.

69
Q

What is significant about the case, Wilkes et al vs. AMA et al.?

A

The judge, Susan Getzendanner, ruled against the AMA in 1986, finding them responsible for violation of antitrust covenants and issuing a permanent injunction against them from preventing or discouraging MD’s from affiliating or working with DC’s

70
Q

What states were first to establish licensure for chiropractors and when?

A

Kansas and North Dakota in 1913

71
Q

What state was first to issue a license to a chiropractor? when and to whom was it issued?

A

North Dakota issued to Guy Woods in 1915

72
Q

What states were last to establish licensure and when?

A

Massachusetts (1966)
Mississippi (1973)
Louisiana (1974)

73
Q

Why was the National Board of Chiropractic Examiners (NCBE) established?

A

to create exams that were fair and appropriate for chiropractors

Intro to Healthcare (4 decks)

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