History of Healthcare Flashcards
What were used for illness by early humans?
Plants and herbs
Early humans believed illnesses were caused by what?
Evil spirits
What is trephination?
Bearing holes into skulls to relieve “evil spirits”.
Who were the first people who kept written records of medical treatments?
Egyptians
In Egypt, who were often the “doctors”?
Priests
What did the Egyptians gain knowledge of, through he process of mummification?
Anatomy and structure of the body
Who is the father of medicine?
Hippocrates
What did Hippocrates believe?
He believed that illness was not from the gods
What did Hippocrates do to observe how the human body worked?
Talked to the patient to get case history and kept records of observations
Romans often provided the most healthcare for who?
Soldiers
Who thought sanitation was important to the prevention of disease?
Romans
Who believed in the dirt and disease link?
Romans
What did Romans do to help maintain health and hygiene?
Built aqueducts and built public baths. Also built sewers for sanitation
Who was Galen?
Famous Greek physician
What did Galen influence?
The study of anatomy, physiology, pathology, pharmacology, and neurology.
When was the extremely poor sanitation?
The Middle Ages
What was common during the Middle Ages?
Starvation and disease.
During the Middle Ages, what was medicine dominated by?
Religion
What were considered the first hospitals?
During the Middle Ages, monks and nuns took care of the sick in monasteries.
What are leeches used for?
To “bleed the sickness out”
What was opium used for in the Middle Ages?
Anesthetic
Unknowingly decreased infections by cleaning e wounds with what during the Middle Ages?
Wine
What killed 80% of Europe population in 1347?
The bubonic plague
What is the bubonic plague?
A highly contagious form of pneumonia
What spread the bubonic plague?
An infestation of rats that carried fleas
When was there a revival of interest in science medicine?
The Renaissance
Who was the first to dissect bodies?
Leonardo da Vinci
Who is William Harvey?
Discovered that heart acts as a pump to circulate blood?
Who is Anton Van Leeuwenhoek?
Invented the first microscope
Who developed bifocal lenses?
Benjamin Franklin
Who is Edward Jenner?
Developed the vaccine for small pox
Who is Rene Laennec?
Invented the stethoscope
Who is Louis Pasteur?
Understood microbes caused infections
Also founded science of microbiology
Who is Florence Nightingale?
Mother of nursing. Improved standards of hygiene for wounded soldiers and modernized hospitals.
Who is Joseph Lister?
Pioneered used of antiseptics in surgery to clean wounds and instruments
Who is William Roentgen?
German physicist who developed the x-ray
Who is Alexander Flemming?
Discovered penicillin
Who is Sigmund Freud?
Father of Psychiatry.
Banting and Best discovered what?
Insulin, which they experimented with on dogs
Crick and Watson
Discovered the structure of DNA
Who is Christian Barnard?
First heart transplant in South Africa
Ben Carson
First successful separation of conjoined twins and also performed first hemispherectomy.
What is cost containment?
Saving money
What are three reasons for high health care costs?
Technology - aging population - medical lawsuits
What is bulk purchasing?
Cheaper prices to buy huge number of supplies
What is home health care?
Any nursing or medical therapy that can be given in your home. (Cheaper)
What is geriatric care?
Care of the elderly (adult day care)
What is omnibus budget reconciliation act? (OBRA)
Federal government requires trained and skilled workers to take care of elderly folks.
What is wellness?
Is the state of optimal health
What is involved in wellness?
Physical, emotional, social, mental/intellectual and spiritual wellness.
