History of Global South and development Flashcards
post-colonial theory
examining the impact of colonialism in post-colonial development (related to imperial legacy)
path dependence
emphasizes the choices made in the past setting determining the future path
patterns of colonialism
extracting resources, tyrannical in form (related to imperial legacy and militarization)
gatekeeper states
states that controlled contact between the territory and outside world
developmental state
focusing power, autonomy and capacity at the center of the state to bring about developmental outcomes
causes of failure of development in the global south
- development too rapid and colonial efforts to force western institutions failed or created hybrids
- Marxist-Leninist explanation: they didn’t develop because the capitalist structure doesn’t allow it because of the asymmetrical relationship between north and south
- tyrannical regimes that post-colonial regimes kept following
liberal imperialism
former imperial powers can step in to enforce good governance if the country is not delivering
development theory
weak structural systems explain why some countries are lagging behind in development
urban bias
bias in public policy that focuses resources of developing urban areas which causes inequality in developing countries between rural and urban, internal factor to underdevelopment
center of development strategy debate
state intervention vs. free market
state intervention- restricts people’s freedom to acquire wealth
free market- good for economic growth but can perpetuate inequality
structuralist transformation
relocating economic activity to agricultural and manufacturing services
official developmental assistance (ODA)
transfer of resources on concessional terms with economic development and welfare of developing countries as the main objective
neo-liberalism
decreased intervention of the state more reliance of the market for economic growth
relationship between inequality and economic growth
inequality hinders economic growth
ontological equality
born equal
Gini coefficient
most common measurement of inequality
structuralist view of inequality
inequality is caused inequality in society (race, class, gender etc)
non-structuralist view of inequality
inequality is caused by growth that happening at the same rate in different places i.e you can increase economic growth without reducing inequality
relationship between politics and inequality
unequal access to political influence perpetuates inequality in economy/economic growth
Nigeria: Oil, ethnic and religious conflict,
Oil - rises to prosperity and becomes a leader of the continent in the international community because of its large population and Oil reserves
Oil price fluctuation leads to a economic downfall
ethnic and religious conflict- 3 main tribes ethnic divisions (Yoruba, Igbo, Hausa) religious conflict- muslim vs. Christian i.e Boko Haram
Guatemala; plantations, inequality, private sector vs development, military power, patrimonialist state
plantations- colonialists used force and suppression to control indigenous people on their plantations
inequality- high inequality among indigenous people
Military control- military engages in suppression of people (colonial influence from plantations, and US funded overthrow of the regime)
private sector- private sector use their power to stop development processes that may hinder their profits
patrimonialist state- treating state as their personal property
Sudan; religion/secession, oil, patron-client relationships
religion and secession- Sudan is divided on whether the state/constitution should be based on Islamic doctrine- North are forth this, South is not this leads to split and creation of south sudan
Oil- reliant on oil, split creates major reduction on oil revenues and also oil price fluctuation
patron-client relationships- on-going civil war makes weak state rely on patron-client relationships to stay in power
