History of Global South and development

Question 1

post-colonial theory

Answer 1

examining the impact of colonialism in post-colonial development (related to imperial legacy)

Question 2

path dependence

Answer 2

emphasizes the choices made in the past setting determining the future path

Question 3

patterns of colonialism

Answer 3

extracting resources, tyrannical in form (related to imperial legacy and militarization)

Question 4

gatekeeper states

Answer 4

states that controlled contact between the territory and outside world

Question 5

developmental state

Answer 5

focusing power, autonomy and capacity at the center of the state to bring about developmental outcomes

Question 6

causes of failure of development in the global south

Answer 6

• development too rapid and colonial efforts to force western institutions failed or created hybrids
• Marxist-Leninist explanation: they didn’t develop because the capitalist structure doesn’t allow it because of the asymmetrical relationship between north and south
• tyrannical regimes that post-colonial regimes kept following

Question 7

liberal imperialism

Answer 7

former imperial powers can step in to enforce good governance if the country is not delivering

Question 8

development theory

Answer 8

weak structural systems explain why some countries are lagging behind in development

Question 9

urban bias

Answer 9

bias in public policy that focuses resources of developing urban areas which causes inequality in developing countries between rural and urban, internal factor to underdevelopment

Question 10

center of development strategy debate

Answer 10

state intervention vs. free market
state intervention- restricts people’s freedom to acquire wealth
free market- good for economic growth but can perpetuate inequality

Question 11

structuralist transformation

Answer 11

relocating economic activity to agricultural and manufacturing services

Question 12

official developmental assistance (ODA)

Answer 12

transfer of resources on concessional terms with economic development and welfare of developing countries as the main objective

Question 13

neo-liberalism

Answer 13

decreased intervention of the state more reliance of the market for economic growth

Question 14

relationship between inequality and economic growth

Answer 14

inequality hinders economic growth

Question 15

ontological equality

Answer 15

born equal

Question 16

Gini coefficient

Answer 16

most common measurement of inequality

Question 17

structuralist view of inequality

Answer 17

inequality is caused inequality in society (race, class, gender etc)

Question 18

non-structuralist view of inequality

Answer 18

inequality is caused by growth that happening at the same rate in different places i.e you can increase economic growth without reducing inequality

Question 19

relationship between politics and inequality

Answer 19

unequal access to political influence perpetuates inequality in economy/economic growth

Question 20

Nigeria: Oil, ethnic and religious conflict,

Answer 20

Oil - rises to prosperity and becomes a leader of the continent in the international community because of its large population and Oil reserves
Oil price fluctuation leads to a economic downfall

ethnic and religious conflict- 3 main tribes ethnic divisions (Yoruba, Igbo, Hausa) religious conflict- muslim vs. Christian i.e Boko Haram

Question 21

Guatemala; plantations, inequality, private sector vs development, military power, patrimonialist state

Answer 21

plantations- colonialists used force and suppression to control indigenous people on their plantations

inequality- high inequality among indigenous people

Military control- military engages in suppression of people (colonial influence from plantations, and US funded overthrow of the regime)

private sector- private sector use their power to stop development processes that may hinder their profits

patrimonialist state- treating state as their personal property

Question 22

Sudan; religion/secession, oil, patron-client relationships

Answer 22

religion and secession- Sudan is divided on whether the state/constitution should be based on Islamic doctrine- North are forth this, South is not this leads to split and creation of south sudan
Oil- reliant on oil, split creates major reduction on oil revenues and also oil price fluctuation
patron-client relationships- on-going civil war makes weak state rely on patron-client relationships to stay in power