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Poli Sci Global South Final exam > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Nomenclature

A

set of terms that form the vocabulary of a particular discipline i.e political science

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2
Q

essentially contested concepts

A

term has high degree of definitional variation

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3
Q

multiparadigmatic

A

consists of a various range of theories

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4
Q

historically specific

A

terms are historically conditioned i.e global south

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5
Q

events that brought about the term global south

A

north-south dialogue, end of the cold war, collapse of the second world, decolonization, and the end of the second world war

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6
Q

north- south dialogue

A

the dialogue between rich states in the north and poor states in the south, about a change to the unfair economic order

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7
Q

decolonization

A

voluntary or involuntary relinquishment of colonies

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8
Q

third world

A

states inhabited by non-Europeans who were colonized by Europeans and gained independence after decolonization

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9
Q

what experiences were shared by 3rd world countries

A

imperialism and decolonization

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10
Q

dependency (during the cold war)

A

the first world made a condition of alignment in order to give the third world assistance

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11
Q

NAM

A

non-aligned movement group of third world countries aligned with neither the west or the soviets (these countries were led by india)

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12
Q

what was the first north-south dialogue meeting and when

A

the independent commission on international development issues 1977

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13
Q

what are the brandt reports

A

2 reports on the first north-south dialogue conference

the first one was asking for change, and the second was in response to no change being made.

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14
Q

what was the name of the second north-south dialogue meeting and how was it different; when

A

South Commision; it was chaired by the Tanzanian president (rep of the global south), they self-determined and defined themselves, 1987

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15
Q

common characteristics of the global south

A
  • lagging behind in development, weak economies, dependent on the north, weak infrastructures like education and healthcare, de jure sovereignty
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16
Q

circular and cumulative causation

A

low living levels cause low productivity which perpetuates low living levels

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17
Q

characteristics of power

A

ubiquitous, consequential, empowering, there is positive and negative power

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18
Q

hard vs soft power

A

hard- tangible, measurable, observable power,

soft- intangible, immeasurable, unobservable

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19
Q

imperialism

A

the process of empire building

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20
Q

empire

A

a group of states under a supreme authority; a product of imperialism

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21
Q

characteristics of empires

A

special entities (outside imperial power’s boundaries), constructed through conquests, previously independent, involved in systems of domination and exploitation

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22
Q

formal empires

A

scramble for Africa, settler colonies

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23
Q

informal empires

A

protectorate- control over international affairs and defence of a country, sphere of influence- exclusive access to resources of that country, leasehold- exclusive rights to land/resources of a country

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24
Q

2 phases of imperialism

A

mercantilism- competition for resources

industrial revolution- looking for new markets

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25
Q

asymmetrical interdependence

A

when one country relies on the other for survival and in one more good are going out than coming in and more money is coming in than going out

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26
Q

statism and how it is implemented

A

state has central control of economic and social affairs of the region in order to ensure that they serve the purposes of the state; this is done through state intervention in the economy and protectionism

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27
Q

industrial revolution and imperialism

A

Industrial revolution created overproduction and under consumption because they needed to find new markets and also decrease unemployment because of cutbacks in production

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28
Q

J.A Hobson’s liberal solution to overproduction in the industrial revolution

A

pay workers more so they can buy more products

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29
Q

Lenin’s solution to overproduction in industrial revolution

A

imperialism

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30
Q

scramble for concessions

A

Japan, US, and China want to carve China up into spheres of influence to trade with them

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31
Q

century of humiliation

A

China losses the opium wars to Britain and Britain has unlimited access to China’s markets and resources and must pay Britain indemnities

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32
Q

principle of extraterritoriality

A

the law of the land does not apply to a foreigner and only the government of that foreigner can prosecute them

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33
Q

catalysts of decolonization

A

WW1- Woodrow Wilson wants to put an end to the war and he suggests decolonization to weaken the imperial powers who are driving the war, decolonization never went passed Europe

WW2- Axis powers have to relinquish colonies after they loose the war

Decline of imperial powers- war, and other economic crisis i.e great depression depleted their resources/spread them out to thin unable to maintain colonies

cold war- soveits and americans push for decolonization because they can have access to these countries as allies

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34
Q

assumptions of modernization theory

A
  • development is unidirectional
  • development is inevitable
  • development has stages of growth
  • the end of goal of development is western society
  • failure to develop is caused by internal factors
  • diffusionism
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35
Q

criticisms of modernization theory

A
  • ethnocentric
  • ignores the historical context of each state
  • assumes they are all the same
  • ignores international factors that hinder development
  • assumes development is a harmonious journey
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36
Q

assumptions of dependency theory

A
  • not all societies begin in an undeveloped state
  • integration into the capitalist system will have a negative impact on development
  • failure to develop is best explained by external factors
  • historical context is important to a country’s development
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37
Q

what are the foundations of dependency theory

A

classical-Marxist- anti-capitalism and they transfer the bourgeoisie vs. proletariat relationship to relationship between northern and southern states

38
Q

core-periphery dynamic

A

assymetrical relationship between the core and the periphery in which the core expands into the periphery

39
Q

Boarders created by imperialism (imperial legacy) secessionism

A

an ethnic group wanting to leave and make a nation of their own, but others want to keep the nation entact

40
Q

under-institutionalization

A

imperial legacy, after decolonization they had inadequate institutions because the institutions established by colonies were meant to exploit not develop

41
Q

factors that left an imperial legacy

A

borders, military intervention (colonialists used military to create social order and that was the only thing they had to maintain order after decolonization therefore democracy was stalled), under-institutionalism, exploiting resources

42
Q

neo-colonialism

A

informal domination and continued exploitation of former colonies by former imperial powers

43
Q

international economic integration and examples

A

use international systems as a tool of exploitation of global south i.e international aid, trade, insurance costs interest rates on loans

44
Q

comprador bourgeoisie

A

people internally within the global south who are perpetuating the exploitation of their own people

45
Q

Andrew Gunter Frank theory

A

the global south will eventually revolt against this exploitation and cooperate together the develop, this will cause a rippling effect in the north to realize their own exploitation by their governments and they will cooperate with the south

46
Q

development of underdevelopment

A

zero-sum game between north and south, in which the north will continue to develop at the expense of the global south

47
Q

association dependent development

A

some countries will develop under dependency theory because the north will develop them for their own means, to stop alliance with communists, and also to regulate their growth and stop them from being an international competitor

48
Q

statulization

A

when people come together and form social organizations that have the characteristics of a state

49
Q

characteristics of the state

A
  • social entity
  • spacial entity
  • governed entity
  • historical entity
  • sovereign entity
50
Q

forms of sovereignty

A
  • domestic- social control, collect taxes
  • interdependence- they control who comes in and out of their borders
  • westphalian- right to non-intervention
  • international legal- can participate in international institutions to maintain international order, and intervene in international affairs to protect itself
51
Q

regime

A

a form of governance

52
Q

democratic peace theory

A

democracies don’t go to war with each other

53
Q

regime type and subtype

A

type- democratic vs autocratic, subtype- authoritarian, totalitarian etc

54
Q

core characteristics of democracy

A

accountability, competition, equality, freedom, civil society, rule of law, autonomous economic sphere (free market), civil-military relations, social homogeneity (major ethnic group=major political views),

55
Q

civil society

A

voluntary citizens based organizations independent from the state these groups educate people in democracy by teaching them to express their interests

56
Q

rule of law

A

constraints on the government to abide by the law as well as everyone in the state

57
Q

constitutionalism

A

state that is governed by the constitution and through it the rule of law can be put into effect

58
Q

constitution

A

blue print of a country’s political organization

59
Q

compliant bureaucracy

A

specialized positions/roles, merit based, apolitical

60
Q

autonomous economic spheres

A

complex economy that leads to differing interests and a democracy must be ready to satisfy these differing interests

61
Q

democratic political culture

A

the political views of the people align with those of the regime

62
Q

civil-military relations

A

the military submits to the will of the civilian led government

63
Q

4 types of democracy promotion

A

conditionalities, regime change, democracy assistance (diffusionism), globalization

64
Q

process of democratization

A 
democratic transition, 
democratic consolidation, 
democratic deconsolidation,
democratic breakdown, 
democratic rejuvenation
65
Q

characteristics of strong states

A

hegemonic idea of the state, de-facto sovereignty, regime security, infrastructural power, socio-political cohesion

66
Q

2 ways of monopolizing power

A

despotic power vs. infrastructural power

67
Q

types of coups

A

bloody vs bloodless, veto coup (prevent something from happening), guardian coup ( intervene when not enough is being done to prevent insurgency)

68
Q

types of military control

A

direct military control- military officers also have roles in government
tutelary- civilians govern but must consider the interests of the military
military control- civilian governments govern but military is behind the scenes pulling the strings
conjoin rule- military and civilians rule together

69
Q

vampire state

A

states use their power to advance their interests at the expense of the people and extract resources to enrich themselves

70
Q

5 weak state strategies

A

fierce state strategy- using despotic power
divide and rule- pit groups against each other so they do not unite against you
patrimonial strategy- use state’s resources to keep them in power and gives these resources out in exchange for support
elite accommodation- putting enemies or competitors in government
ethnic manipulation

71
Q

positive vs. negative assessment of post cold war period

A

positive- long peace because major powers are no longer at conflict
negative- new conflicts will arise, it will be worse than before

72
Q

continuity theory of post cold war period

A

nothing will change because the int’l system will remain anarchical so everyone will still fight to be on top

73
Q

francis fukuyama theory of post cold war period

A

the west has won and now the international system will be westernized= peace because of democratic peace theory and implementation of capitalist system will make the international economic system make countries more dependent on each other and less likely to become go to war with each other

74
Q

post-historical societies

A

weak states that will be outside the development of the newly westernized international system and not benefit from it

75
Q

peace dividend

A

money that would be put into war is redirected to edu, health etc

76
Q

pessimistic post-cold war view

A

the climate will be more dangerous than before defined by zones of peace and zones of turmoil and zones of peace will try to protect themselves against any spill over from the zones of turmoil through containment and selective intervention

77
Q

failed state thesis

A

failed states are the biggest threat to developed states because they can become safe havens for international terrorist group, and migration to these countries can bring disease and etc

78
Q

rogue state thesis

A

rogue states- act aggressively in the international system in order to dominate it are a threat to the international system because they are crazy states

79
Q

3 types of resource wars

A

water wars, poverty wars, pollution wars

80
Q

who’s idea was the clash of civilizations

A

Samuel Huntington

81
Q

clash of civilizations definition

A

world is transitioning from a west-phalian state to civilizations and identifying with civilizations and their will be conflict between civilizations

82
Q

what are the 8 civilizations

A

Western, Latin-American, Slavic, Hindu, Chinese, Japanese, African, Islamic

83
Q

intersubjective identity vs. supra-intersubjective identity

A

supra- highest level identity that draws people together

intersubjective- sub-identities that come after the supra

84
Q

difference between micro and macro level conflicts in clash of civilizations theory

A

micro-level- within civilizations can be resolved because they have common ground, macro-level conflicts are not resolvable because they have no common ground

85
Q

power transition theory

A

the international system is a cycle of peaceful and violent periods

86
Q

cycle of power transition theory

A

hegemonic power- peaceful power hegemonic power looses power and other countries fight to be the hegemonic power- violence, another hegemonic power is established- peace again

87
Q

theories and their problems in power transition cycle

A

Pax Nipponica, Asian financial crisis
Pax Germinica, involvement/subsidizing the EU
Pax Europa, EU is too divided
G20 (BRICS)

88
Q

Chinese threat thesis

A

internally china is weak and because the global economy is so integrated with its economy if China goes down so does the rest of the world

89
Q

China’s 5 principles of peaceful co-existence

A 
mutual respect for sovereignty
non interference into other states domestic affairs
peaceful co-existence
mutual benefit 
mutual non-aggression
90
Q

status disequilibrium

A

country’s rank in the international system doesn’t reflect how much power it actually has

91
Q

neo-containment

A

US redirects containment from the middle east to China to stay on top

92
Q

two perspectives on US power decline

A

renewalist vs declinist

Poli Sci Global South Final exam (3 decks)

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