History Of Forensics/ Crime Scene Procedure Flashcards
Said that when two objects come into contact with each other, A cross-transfer of materials occurs.
Locard
Developed system of personal identification based on body measurements
Bertillon
Reasons for the rapid growth of crime laboratories in the United States
Changing judicial requirements, growth of DNA profiling, rising crime, drug abuse
Function of a Forensic scientist
Analyze physical evidence and persuade a jury to accept their conclusions from the analysis
Who devised the first workable procedure for typing dried blood stains
Lattes
Early efforts at applying scientific principles to document examination are associated with
Osborn
Who directed one of the first functional crime laboratories in Lyons, France
Locard
Which city created the first forensic laboratory
Los Angeles
Britain’s crime laboratory system is characterized by a national system of what kind of laboratories?
Regional
Name four important federal agencies offering forensic services
FBI, DEA, ATF, US Postal Service
The application of chemistry, physics, and geology to crime scene evidence is in what unit of a crime lab
Trace evidence
In what case did the Supreme Court rule that in assessing the admissibility of new and unique scientific tests the judge did not have to rely on “general acceptance”
Daubert v. Dow medical
What was the Florida case that exemplified the flexibility and discretion that the trial judge has in matters of scientific inquiry
Coppolino v. State
Who made the comparison microscope and indispensable tool of firearms examination
Goddard
Who started the application of science to criminal investigation (Austrian magistrate)
Hans gross
A decentralized system of crime laboratories currently exists in the US under the auspices of various governmental agencies at what four levels?
Federal, state, county, and municipal
What unit what examine blood, hairs, fibers, and botanical materials
Biology unit
The “general acceptance” principle that serves as a criteria for the judicial admissibility of scientific evidence Started in which case
Frye v. United States
Which case did the US Supreme Court decision Expand the gatekeeper rule to all expert witnesses?
Kumho tire v. Carmichael
Can scientific evaluation of crime scene evidence overcome the results of a poorly conducted criminal investigation?
No
Do the techniques of physical evidence collection require a highly skilled individual who must specialize in that area of investigation?
No
Name three methods for recording a crime scene
Photography, scratching, notes
Do possible carriers of trace evidence have to be collected at a scene
Yes
Evidence from a deceased victim that should be submitted to the crime laboratory includes
Blood, clothing, fingernail scraping, bullets, hand swabs, vaginal oral and anal swabs, head and pubic hairs
What is required with respect to the possession and location of physical evidence
A chain of evidence
What is required alongside submission of physical evidence
Control or standard material for comparison
What sets in after death that could make the skin appear dark blue or purple in the areas close to the ground
Liver mortis
