History Of Forensics/ Crime Scene Procedure Flashcards

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0
Q

Said that when two objects come into contact with each other, A cross-transfer of materials occurs.

A

Locard

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1
Q

Developed system of personal identification based on body measurements

A

Bertillon

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2
Q

Reasons for the rapid growth of crime laboratories in the United States

A

Changing judicial requirements, growth of DNA profiling, rising crime, drug abuse

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3
Q

Function of a Forensic scientist

A

Analyze physical evidence and persuade a jury to accept their conclusions from the analysis

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4
Q

Who devised the first workable procedure for typing dried blood stains

A

Lattes

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5
Q

Early efforts at applying scientific principles to document examination are associated with

A

Osborn

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6
Q

Who directed one of the first functional crime laboratories in Lyons, France

A

Locard

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7
Q

Which city created the first forensic laboratory

A

Los Angeles

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8
Q

Britain’s crime laboratory system is characterized by a national system of what kind of laboratories?

A

Regional

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9
Q

Name four important federal agencies offering forensic services

A

FBI, DEA, ATF, US Postal Service

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10
Q

The application of chemistry, physics, and geology to crime scene evidence is in what unit of a crime lab

A

Trace evidence

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11
Q

In what case did the Supreme Court rule that in assessing the admissibility of new and unique scientific tests the judge did not have to rely on “general acceptance”

A

Daubert v. Dow medical

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12
Q

What was the Florida case that exemplified the flexibility and discretion that the trial judge has in matters of scientific inquiry

A

Coppolino v. State

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13
Q

Who made the comparison microscope and indispensable tool of firearms examination

A

Goddard

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14
Q

Who started the application of science to criminal investigation (Austrian magistrate)

A

Hans gross

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15
Q

A decentralized system of crime laboratories currently exists in the US under the auspices of various governmental agencies at what four levels?

A

Federal, state, county, and municipal

16
Q

What unit what examine blood, hairs, fibers, and botanical materials

A

Biology unit

17
Q

The “general acceptance” principle that serves as a criteria for the judicial admissibility of scientific evidence Started in which case

A

Frye v. United States

18
Q

Which case did the US Supreme Court decision Expand the gatekeeper rule to all expert witnesses?

A

Kumho tire v. Carmichael

19
Q

Can scientific evaluation of crime scene evidence overcome the results of a poorly conducted criminal investigation?

A

No

20
Q

Do the techniques of physical evidence collection require a highly skilled individual who must specialize in that area of investigation?

A

No

21
Q

Name three methods for recording a crime scene

A

Photography, scratching, notes

22
Q

Do possible carriers of trace evidence have to be collected at a scene

A

Yes

23
Q

Evidence from a deceased victim that should be submitted to the crime laboratory includes

A

Blood, clothing, fingernail scraping, bullets, hand swabs, vaginal oral and anal swabs, head and pubic hairs

24
Q

What is required with respect to the possession and location of physical evidence

A

A chain of evidence

25
Q

What is required alongside submission of physical evidence

A

Control or standard material for comparison

26
Q

What sets in after death that could make the skin appear dark blue or purple in the areas close to the ground

A

Liver mortis