History of Drugs

Question 1

Misconceptions health “good old days”

Answer 1

Late 1800s life exp is 47 and today over 80

Question 2

what was King Charles II illness

Answer 2

“disrupted humors”- convulsions

Question 3

Led 14 physicians in bloodletting to cure the king

Answer 3

Sir Charles Scarburgh

Question 4

Treatments to cure the king

Answer 4

-shaved-applied irritants containing spanish fly-Bled-given substances of a innocent mans crushed skull, extracts herbs, animals, stone of the stomach of a goat-

Question 5

How did “good old medicine” work for the King?

Answer 5

Coma and Died

Question 6

What is a uroscopy flask/uroscopy wheel for?

Answer 6

diagnose different problems via urine colour

Question 7

Uroscopy GREY

Answer 7

infection

Question 8

Uroscopy BROWN

Answer 8

liver problems

Question 9

Uroscopy PINK

Answer 9

food or bleeding

Question 10

Uroscopy BRIGHT YELLOW

Answer 10

vitamin B2- excess riboflavin

Question 11

Doctors

Answer 11

Always looked to as someone that is meant to help

Question 12

Caused most deaths in 1918 flu

Answer 12

Bacterial Pneumonia

Question 13

What caused the pneumonia?

Answer 13

When normal nose and throat bacteria invaded the lungs by a path created when the virus destroyed the bronchial cells

Question 14

What did the blood samples from survivors indicate?

Answer 14

All reacted to the 1918 virus- suggesting they still had antibodies to the virus

Question 15

What could the antibodies be used for?

Answer 15

Future outbreaks of flu strains similar to the 1918 virus

Question 16

how efficient was the 2017-18 virus vaccine?

Answer 16

only about 36% effective- caused 600 000 deaths world-wide

Question 17

Eradication Smallpox?

Answer 17

Vaccination

Question 18

WHO vaccination saved? (20 yrs)

Answer 18

40 million

Question 19

When was polio eradicated in the Americas?- Worldwide?

Answer 19

Americas 1991

World wide- 37 cases in 2016

Question 20

Leprosy (bacterial infection) is now called?

Answer 20

Hansen’s disease after the identifier in 1873

Question 21

Eradication leprosy via MDT?

Answer 21

1980s= 12 million
now= 200k/ year

Question 22

Guinea Worm Disease?

Answer 22

Dracunculiasis

Flea carries nematode larvae (basically worms, some are parasitic)

Question 23

Eradication Guinea?

Answer 23

World wide
1986= 3.5 million
2013= 148
2019= 10

Question 24

MDT?

Answer 24

Multi-Drug Therapy

Question 25

Chagas disease? Treatment?

Answer 25

Kissing bug- parasite; symptoms come after 10-20 yrs (fever- swelling) insecticide spraying is effective

Question 26

Conditions/diseases are not all as well-known- ex?

Answer 26

Esophageal Fungus- anti fungal drug needed as well as 1 or 2 medications for sedatives- can use balloon angioplasty

Question 27

What is a drug?

Answer 27

Chemical agent that effects living matter- | Any preparation which in a person's mind has beneficial effects on his/her well-being

Question 28

Prescription drugs?

Answer 28

520 billion$ in NA Over 1 trillion$ by 2018 World 40 billion$ Canada

Question 29

Over the counter (OTC)?

Answer 29

40 billion$ in NA | 6 billion $ Canada

Question 30

How many beers did sumerians create? (2,200 BC)

Answer 30

16 Beer recipes

Question 31

Hippocrates (460-370 BC)

Answer 31

Tried exclude superstition - Baldness: Fat of snake, lion, hippopotamus (didnt work) - Night blindness: Ox liver (Right= any liver would do) - Crying babies= poppy juice, excrement of flies

Question 32

Dioscorides (40-90 AD)?

Answer 32

De Materia Medica - Diff plants used for various things - Founded one of the first diuretics- passum (sweet drink from wine)

Question 33

"All drugs are poison and only the right dosage makes them stop being a poinson"

Answer 33

DRUGS/ POISON

Question 34

Sola dosis facit venenum?

Answer 34

Only the dose makes the poison

Question 35

Native Americans used poison from?

Answer 35

Poison dart frogs- substances used on darts for hunting to put animals to sleep

Question 36

Poison dart frogs discovery?

Answer 36

tested on mice- small amounts (ABT 594)= works as non-addictive painkiller that blocks pain 200 times more effectively than morphine

Question 37

Molecular roulette?

Answer 37

Can change drugs to make something with a completely different effect