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CHEM 183 > History of Drugs > Flashcards

History of Drugs Flashcards

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1
Q

Misconceptions health “good old days”

A

Late 1800s life exp is 47 and today over 80

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2
Q

what was King Charles II illness

A

“disrupted humors”- convulsions

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3
Q

Led 14 physicians in bloodletting to cure the king

A

Sir Charles Scarburgh

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4
Q

Treatments to cure the king

A

-shaved-applied irritants containing spanish fly-Bled-given substances of a innocent mans crushed skull, extracts herbs, animals, stone of the stomach of a goat-

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5
Q

How did “good old medicine” work for the King?

A

Coma and Died

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6
Q

What is a uroscopy flask/uroscopy wheel for?

A

diagnose different problems via urine colour

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7
Q

Uroscopy GREY

A

infection

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8
Q

Uroscopy BROWN

A

liver problems

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9
Q

Uroscopy PINK

A

food or bleeding

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10
Q

Uroscopy BRIGHT YELLOW

A

vitamin B2- excess riboflavin

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11
Q

Doctors

A

Always looked to as someone that is meant to help

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12
Q

Caused most deaths in 1918 flu

A

Bacterial Pneumonia

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13
Q

What caused the pneumonia?

A

When normal nose and throat bacteria invaded the lungs by a path created when the virus destroyed the bronchial cells

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14
Q

What did the blood samples from survivors indicate?

A

All reacted to the 1918 virus- suggesting they still had antibodies to the virus

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15
Q

What could the antibodies be used for?

A

Future outbreaks of flu strains similar to the 1918 virus

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16
Q

how efficient was the 2017-18 virus vaccine?

A

only about 36% effective- caused 600 000 deaths world-wide

17
Q

Eradication Smallpox?

A

Vaccination

18
Q

WHO vaccination saved? (20 yrs)

A

40 million

19
Q

When was polio eradicated in the Americas?- Worldwide?

A

Americas 1991

World wide- 37 cases in 2016

20
Q

Leprosy (bacterial infection) is now called?

A

Hansen’s disease after the identifier in 1873

21
Q

Eradication leprosy via MDT?

A 
1980s= 12 million
now= 200k/ year
22
Q

Guinea Worm Disease?

A

Dracunculiasis

Flea carries nematode larvae (basically worms, some are parasitic)

23
Q

Eradication Guinea?

A

World wide
1986= 3.5 million
2013= 148
2019= 10

24
Q

MDT?

A

Multi-Drug Therapy

25
Q

Chagas disease? Treatment?

A

Kissing bug- parasite; symptoms come after 10-20 yrs (fever- swelling)
insecticide spraying is effective

26
Q

Conditions/diseases are not all as well-known- ex?

A

Esophageal Fungus- anti fungal drug needed as well as 1 or 2 medications for sedatives- can use balloon angioplasty

27
Q

What is a drug?

A

Chemical agent that effects living matter-

Any preparation which in a person’s mind has beneficial effects on his/her well-being

28
Q

Prescription drugs?

A

520 billion$ in NA
Over 1 trillion$ by 2018 World
40 billion$ Canada

29
Q

Over the counter (OTC)?

A

40 billion$ in NA

6 billion $ Canada

30
Q

How many beers did sumerians create? (2,200 BC)

A

16 Beer recipes

31
Q

Hippocrates (460-370 BC)

A

Tried exclude superstition

  • Baldness: Fat of snake, lion, hippopotamus (didnt work)
  • Night blindness: Ox liver (Right= any liver would do)
  • Crying babies= poppy juice, excrement of flies
32
Q

Dioscorides (40-90 AD)?

A

De Materia Medica

  • Diff plants used for various things
  • Founded one of the first diuretics- passum (sweet drink from wine)
33
Q

“All drugs are poison and only the right dosage makes them stop being a poinson”

A

DRUGS/ POISON

34
Q

Sola dosis facit venenum?

A

Only the dose makes the poison

35
Q

Native Americans used poison from?

A

Poison dart frogs- substances used on darts for hunting to put animals to sleep

36
Q

Poison dart frogs discovery?

A

tested on mice- small amounts (ABT 594)= works as non-addictive painkiller that blocks pain 200 times more effectively than morphine

37
Q

Molecular roulette?

A

Can change drugs to make something with a completely different effect

CHEM 183 (4 decks)

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