History of Disease Flashcards
what is the MIASMA theory?
diseases (cholera, plague) were caused by BAD AIR
prevailing theory until 19th Century
what is the BUBONIC PLAGUE?
caused by bacterium YERSINIA PESTIS
spread by FLEAS, RODENTS
caused by POOR SANITATION
major plague in Europe from 1345-1355, ~100-200 million deaths
describe PLAGUE DOCTORS
did not know about microbes
SUSPECT TRAINING
waved herbs around
forced patients to bleed
OMEN OF DEATH
what is SMALL POX?
caused by VARIOLA VIRUS
causes SKIN LESIONS
highly CONTAGIOUS, AIRBORNE
responsible for death of 90-95% of INDIGENOUS peoples
what is CHOLERA?
caused by VIBRIO CHOLERAE
spread through contaminated FOOD and WATER
infects SMALL INTESTINE
causes vomiting and dehydration
19th-20th century
made link between food and disease
who was ROBERT HOOKE?
built first COMPOUND LENS MICROSCOPE
SEE and RECORD eukaryotic microbes
coined CELL from latin cella
met with RESISTANCE
who was ANTOINE VAN LEEUWENHOEK?
experimented with MAGNIFYING LENSES, 500x power
counted FIBRES in CLOTH
mounted lenses onto sample holder and adjusted focus
first person to OBSERVE SINGLE CELLED ORGANISMS –> ANIMALCULES
what is the SPONTANEOUS GENERATION theory?
LIVING creatures could arise from NON LIVING matter
FALSE
believed until early 17th century
what is the GERM THEORY?
germs come from pre existing MICROBES
some DISEASES are CAUSED by MICROORGANISMS
gained acceptance because of FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE, LOUIS PASTEUR, JOSEPH LISTER
promoted SANITATION by end of 19th century
who was FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE
founder of professional NURSING and MEDICAL STATISTICS
tracked deaths during crimean war
found more soldiers died of MICROBIAL INFECTIONS than BATTLE WOUNDS
convinced british government to IMPROVE LIVING CONDITIONS for soldiers
who was LOUIS PASTEUR?
discovered MICROBIAL FERMENTATION produces LACTIC ACID or ALCOHOL
proved that MICROBES fail to appear spontaneously (SWAN NECKED FLASKS)
first ARTIFICIAL VACCINE
PASTEURIZATION techniques for milk
who was ROBERT KOCH?
founder of SCIENTIFIC METHOD and microbiology
first to use ANIMAL MODEL SYSTEM
developed PURE-CULTURE technique
proved that TUBERCULOSIS is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis
what are KOCH’S POSTULATES?
- MICROBE found in ALL CASES of diseased
- microbe ISOLATED from diseased host and grown in PURE CULTURE
- when microbe is INTRODUCED into HEALTHY HOST, SAME DISEASE occurs
- SAME STRAIN of microbe is obtained from newly diseased host
thousands of microbes in an animal, prove that one in particular is making animal sick
who CONTRIBUTED to KOCH’S work
JULIUS PETRI: developed petri dish
ANGELINA & WALTHER HESS: developed solid media
who was JOSEPH LISTER?
developed STERILIZATION techniques for surgeries
sprayed instruments and cleaned wounds using CARBOLIC ACID (PHENOL) –> burns skin, kills organisms, sterilizes in small doses
made surgeons WASH HANDS and USE GLOVES
