Gram Positive Bacteria

Question 1

what are FIRMICUTES?

Answer 1

large rod-shaped cells
develop inert ENDOSPORES during times of stress, release spores during favourable conditions
can be harvested and spread through air, TOXIC to breath in

Question 2

what are the NON-SPORE forming firmicutes?

Answer 2

staphylococcus and streptococcus

Question 3

what are METHANOGENS

Answer 3

remove H2 and produce methane
RXN: CO2 + 4H2 –> CH4 + 2H2O
fix CO2 into methane
cell walls contain PSEUDOPEPTIDOGLYCAN, sulfated polyscchardies or proteins, s-layer
can be found under PERMAFROST

Question 4

how does climate change affect methanogens?

Answer 4

methane is TRAPPED in ICE
as permafrost melts, CH4 gets released
CH4 is 20x more potent than CO2

Question 5

what are THERMOPHILES?

Answer 5

like temps between 50-80 celcius
can be bacteria OR archaea
can withstand HIGH PRESSURE

Question 6

what are HYPERTHERMOPHILES?

Answer 6

like temps >80 celecius
almost always archea

Question 7

how is archea used in BIOTECHNOLOGY?

Answer 7

PCR –> use polymerase to elongate DNA at HIGH TEMPERATURES
create EXTREMOZYMES
good for vaccines and antibiotics
laundry detergent