history of construction and construction industry Flashcards
Early humans
manipulated their environment to protect
themselves, usually construct what?
temporary
structure like lean-tos or windbreaks as
shelter.
were made from animal bones and
stone.
tools
included sticks and
branches, grass, mud, and animal skins.
Building materials
Archaeologists discovered a 1.8 million-
year-old stone circle that resembles the
foundations of stick or grass huts built by
hunter-gatherers at Olduvai Gorge in
Tanzania.
The earliest evidence of large-scale
buildings is in
Mesopotamia.
built
palaces, temples, and ziggurats, often using
advanced bricklaying techniques.
Mesopotamians
The industry began to take shape in what century
16th
(born 1508 A.D.) is widely
regarded as the first modern architect.
Andrea Palladio
who designed The San Giorgio Maggiore in Venice, Italy,
andrea palladio
(born 1724 A.D.) is often
referred to as the “father of civil
engineering”.
John Smeaton
Most well-known for his water, roads,
bridges, and millworks projects.
he built the Eddystone Lighthouse in Cornwall, United Kingdom
John Smeaton
In the early 20th century, ____________took
off completely, especially in Chicago and
New York.
skyscrapers
became home to some of
the tallest and most iconic skyscrapersin
the world.
New York City
in Kuala Lumpur
were the first record-holders for tallest
building outside of the U.S.
- The Petronas Twin Towers
which opened in 1914,
was the most expensive construction
project in history at that time.
- The Panama Canal,
connecting France
* and the UK opened in 1994.
channel tunnel
completed in 2012
in China, is the world’s largest
hydroelectric plant.
Three Gorges Dam
involves study
on methods of construction to
successfully achieve the structural
design with recommended
specifications. It also includes study of
construction equipment’s and
temporary works required to facilitate
the construction process.
Construction technology
Typically holds at least a 4-year degree in architecture.
To use the title “architect” the individual must hold chartered
status with the Royal Institute of British Architects and be on the
Architects Registration Board; in Uganda called USA.
architect
Typically holds a degree
in a related subject. The Chartered
Engineer qualification is controlled by
the Institution of Civil Engineers. A new
university graduate must hold a masters
degree to become chartered, persons
with bachelor’s degrees may become an
Incorporated Engineer after four years
of engineering practice in Uganda.
civil engineer
Often referred to as an “M&E
Engineer” typically holds a degree in mechanical or electrical
engineering.
building services engineer
- Typically holds a 2-
year or greater higher education
qualification but are often also qualified
in another field such as quantity
surveying or civil engineering.
project manager
Typically holds a degree in quantity surveying.
quantity surveyor
Typically holds a bachelors or masters degree
in structural engineering, new university graduates must hold a
masters degree to gain chartered status from the Institution of
Structural Engineers
structural engineer
In general, there are three types of
construction:
- Building construction
- Heavy/civil construction/infrastructure
- Industrial construction
the process of
adding structure to real property.
building construction
The act of constructing, erecting,
creating, manufacturing or
establishing.
A structure that has a roof and walls
and stands permanently in one place.
building
The practice of designing, constructing, and operating buildings is
most usually a collective effort of different groups of
professionals and trades.
building creation
These are capital intensive and heavy
equipment-oriented works which involves
movement of large quantity of bulk
materials like earth, steel and concrete.
These works include dams, canal,
highways, airports, railways, bridges,
gas/oil pipelines, transmission lines, water
supply and sewage disposal networks,
dock and harbours, nuclear and thermal
power plants, and other specialist
construction activities which build-up the
infrastructure for the growth
HEAVY/ CIVIL ENGINEERING/
INFRASTRUCTURE
These works include construction of
manufacturing, processing and industrial
plants like steel mills, petroleum refineries
and consumer goods factories.
though a relatively
small part of the entire construction
industry, is a very important component.
Processes in these industries require
highly specialized expertise in planning,
design, and construction.
INDUSTRIAL CONSTRUCTION
building components
super structure, substructure
The art of planning and designing of a
building so as to suite its purposes giving due consideration to
the site, orientation, ventilation, appearance etc. of the building is
known as This work is done by a special
person known as Architect.
Architectural work:
The art of designing the different parts or elements
of a building so as to suite their purposes, safely and
economically is known as. This work is done by a
special person known as Design Manager.
Design work:
The art of doing the
construction of the building
systematically according to its planning
and design is known as
The work is done by a special person like
Civil Engineer, Builder, Contractor, etc.
Execution work:
TEMPORARY STRUCTURES IN CONSTRUCTION
- Scaffolding
- Shoring
