History of Ancient Greek Philosophy Flashcards
All is water
Thales
Everything comes from and arises out of water
Thales
the basic material upon which the world is formed cannot be determined. Anaximander calls this Apeiron, the Greek word for the “unbounded”, “indefinite” or “infinite”.
Anaximander
“All is air”, and that everything comes from and arises out of air.
Anaximenes
is known for its efforts to provide logical explanations for the world instead of relying on mythological beliefs. Understanding the universe relies on recognizing the central importance of the principle of order, also known as logos (reason or rational structure).
Greek Philosophy
formal order of the universe can be conceived mathematically, “all is number.”
All is number
Who attempted to address this problem of world process
Heraclitus
Who denied the idea of the world process
Permanides
fire or perpetual change, is the universal principle Logos-Fire, therefore, is the cause of order, proportion, harmony, and rationality in the continual flow of things.
Heraclitus of Ephesus
The Way of “Aletheia” or truth, describes the concept of stasis, which means that the universe is in constant balance, that things either exist or do not exist, and they cannot change.
Permanides of Elea
describes the concept of stasis, which means that the universe is in constant balance, that things either exist or do not exist, and they cannot change.
The Way of “Aletheia” or truth
the world process is derived from the combination of the four basic elements, namely: fire, water, earth, and air.
Empedocles
argued that numberless atoms are the primary beings that lie at the foundation of the world process.
Atomists (Leucippus & Democritus)
argued that there must be a primordial being that is responsible for the form and order of things.
Anaxagoras
Primordial being is ____________________
Nous or Mind
were convinced that knowledge is impossible to attain
Sophists
“Man is the measure of all things, of the reality of those which are, and the unreality of those which are not.”
Pythagoras
agreed with Socrates’s claim that universal concepts those in which all men agree are true concepts, which are the objects of knowledge.
Plato
Dualism of matter and form
Plato
the world of ideas (in contradistinction to the world of matter or the material world) is the only real world and, consequently, the only real knowledge.
Plato
got rid of Plato’s dualism
Prime Matter is the source of everything, and this Prime Matter has the possibility of becoming something
Aristotle
“Stoicism is an ancient Greek philosophy” which teaches the development of self-control and fortitude as a means of overcoming destructive emotions.
Zeno of Citium
Suggests that for one to protect herself against the world, one must lead a life that is free from suffering. One way of doing this is not to ask too much from nature. In this way, one suffers a little and enjoys as much as possible.
Epicurus
Stoics, Epicureans, and Skeptics have one common goal: freedom from the world. The Stoics seek to become free from the world through ___________, the Epicureans through ____________, and the Skeptics through ______________.
“virtue”, “happiness”, “doubt”
Monks
- “The justification behind Asceticism is usually that spiritual and religious goals are impeded by indulgence in pleasures of the flesh.
- Aims to achieve freedom from compulsions and temptations, bringing about peacefulness of mind and an increase in clarity and power of thought.”
Ascetics
Ammonius Saccas and Plotinus
- believed that the doctrine of the order of the world can be conceived as thoughts of God.
- Thus, for Plotinus, salvation is possible only if the rational soul is connected to the One (or God).
Neo-Platonists
has a spiritual kinship with Neo-Platonism
- The Logos, which was regarded by the ancient Greek philosophers as the principle of world-order, is now viewed as the Mediator between God and the human person. Indeed, the Logos was viewed by the Jewish thinkers as the creative word of God.
- Logos-Messiah becomes the Mediator and Savior of the world.
Jewish Philosophy
