History of Ancient Greek Philosophy

Question 1

All is water

Answer 1

Thales

Question 2

Everything comes from and arises out of water

Answer 2

Thales

Question 3

the basic material upon which the world is formed cannot be determined. Anaximander calls this Apeiron, the Greek word for the “unbounded”, “indefinite” or “infinite”.

Answer 3

Anaximander

Question 4

“All is air”, and that everything comes from and arises out of air.

Answer 4

Anaximenes

Question 5

is known for its efforts to provide logical explanations for the world instead of relying on mythological beliefs. Understanding the universe relies on recognizing the central importance of the principle of order, also known as logos (reason or rational structure).

Answer 5

Greek Philosophy

Question 6

formal order of the universe can be conceived mathematically, “all is number.”

Answer 6

All is number

Question 7

Who attempted to address this problem of world process

Answer 7

Heraclitus

Question 8

Who denied the idea of the world process

Answer 8

Permanides

Question 9

fire or perpetual change, is the universal principle​ Logos-Fire, therefore, is the cause of order, proportion, harmony, and rationality in the continual flow of things.

Answer 9

Heraclitus of Ephesus

Question 10

The Way of “Aletheia” or truth, describes the concept of stasis, which means that the universe is in constant balance, that things either exist or do not exist, and they cannot change.

Answer 10

Permanides of Elea

Question 11

describes the concept of stasis, which means that the universe is in constant balance, that things either exist or do not exist, and they cannot change.

Answer 11

The Way of “Aletheia” or truth

Question 12

the world process is derived from the combination of the four basic elements, namely: fire, water, earth, and air.

Answer 12

Empedocles

Question 13

argued that numberless atoms are the primary beings that lie at the foundation of the world process.

Answer 13

Atomists (Leucippus & Democritus)

Question 14

argued that there must be a primordial being that is responsible for the form and order of things.

Answer 14

Anaxagoras

Question 15

Primordial being is ____________________

Answer 15

Nous or Mind

Question 16

were convinced that knowledge is impossible to attain​

Answer 16

Sophists

Question 17

“Man is the measure of all things, of the reality of those which are, and the unreality of those which are not.”

Answer 17

Pythagoras

Question 18

agreed with Socrates’s claim that universal concepts those in which all men agree are true concepts, which are the objects of knowledge.

Answer 18

Plato

Question 19

Dualism of matter and form

Answer 19

Plato

Question 20

the world of ideas (in contradistinction to the world of matter or the material world) is the only real world and, consequently, the only real knowledge.​

Answer 20

Plato

Question 21

got rid of Plato’s dualism​

Prime Matter is the source of everything, and this Prime Matter has the possibility of becoming something

Answer 21

Aristotle

Question 22

“Stoicism is an ancient Greek philosophy” which teaches the development of self-control and fortitude as a means of overcoming destructive emotions.

Answer 22

Zeno of Citium

Question 23

Suggests that for one to protect herself against the world, one must lead a life that is free from suffering. One way of doing this is not to ask too much from nature. In this way, one suffers a little and enjoys as much as possible.

Answer 23

Epicurus

Question 24

Stoics, Epicureans, and Skeptics have one common goal: freedom from the world. The Stoics seek to become free from the world through ___________, the Epicureans through ____________, and the Skeptics through ______________.

Answer 24

“virtue”, “happiness”, “doubt”

Question 25

Monks​
- “The justification behind Asceticism is usually that spiritual and religious goals are impeded by indulgence in pleasures of the flesh​.
- Aims to achieve freedom from compulsions and temptations, bringing about peacefulness of mind and an increase in clarity and power of thought.”

Answer 25

Ascetics

Question 26

Ammonius Saccas and Plotinus​
- believed that the doctrine of the order of the world can be conceived as thoughts of God.​
- Thus, for Plotinus, salvation is possible only if the rational soul is connected to the One (or God).

Answer 26

Neo-Platonists

Question 27

has a spiritual kinship with Neo-Platonism​
- The Logos, which was regarded by the ancient Greek philosophers as the principle of world-order, is now viewed as the Mediator between God and the human person. Indeed, the Logos was viewed by the Jewish thinkers as the creative word of God.​
- Logos-Messiah becomes the Mediator and Savior of the world.

Answer 27

Jewish Philosophy