History - North America Flashcards
Where does USA fall in world rankings of wine production
4th
How much of the US wine production does California account for? Followed by?
90% - CA
then NY»_space; WA»_space; OR
Who is the largest consumer of wine globally?
USA! but only bc of large population. Per capita is low
Three species of wild grapevine found in North America
-Vitis labrusca - Concord grape
-Vitis rotundifolia - Scuppernong grape
-Vitis aestivalis - Norton grape
What 1619 Virginia Law was relevant to the development of viticulture in America?
-every male colonist at Jamestown was required to plant and tend at least 10 vines
-earliest record of vinifera vine plantings on East Coast
What early president was particularly invested in wine and tried to plant at his Virginia estate (to no success)
-Thomas Jefferson (3rd prez)
-tried for over 30 yrs
Who said “Wine is proof that God loves us”?
Benjamin Franklin
What was the first successful vinifera grape? Where?
-Mission
-introduced in Mexico in the 1500s, made its way to Rio Grande (present day Texas) and New Mexico by 1629
Trajectory of Mission in 16th-19th C
introduced in Mexico in the 1500s
-made its way to Rio Grande (present day Texas) and New Mexico by 1629
-Franciscan monks brought to what would be California, founded historic missions along West Coast
-1783 - CA’s first wine with mission made at San Juan Capistrano Mission
Who was the first American Settler to set foot in Napa Valley? When?
-George Yount
-1839
-Planted 1st vineyard
Who is the “father of California wine”?
-Agoston Haraszthy
-Arrived in Sonoma in 1849
-Hungarian born, self styled “Count”
-introduced over 300 varieties to state
-credited with zinfandel but disproved
What estate did Agoston Haraszthy found? When?
Buena Vista (in Sonoma)
1857
-One of California’s oldest commercial wineries
What is the oldest winery in Napa Valley?
Charles Krug
Founded by Charles Krug in 1861
Where did Charles Krug work before founding his eponymous winery
for Agonston Haraszthy at Buena Vista
When was Schramsberg founded? By whom?
1862
Jacob Schram
What is Napa’s oldest continuously operating winery? when?
Beringer
1876
When was Inglenook Winery founded? By whom?
1880
Gustav Niebaum
What was starkly different about the wine scene in California vs Europe in the last decade of the 19th C?
-Phylloxera was wrecking havoc on Europe
-It showed up in CA too, but wine was thriving
-everything after late 19th C grafted on American rootstock
When can first commercial winemaking in NY be traced to?
1840s
-Robert Prince produced wine from native grapes on LI
What region was extensively planted with hybrids from 1850 onward?
Upstate NY
What American hybrid grapes dominated vineyards Upstate NY in the mid 1800s?
Catawba
Delaware
What was the nation’s first bonded winery?
Pleasnt Valley Wine Company (est 1860)
near Hammondsport, Finger Lakes
What Missouri winery became the 3rd largest in the world by the year 1900?
Stone Hill Winery
What native grape is the pride of Missouri?
Norton
(vitis aestivalis)
-Riedel glass designed for it
Who is Charles Valentine Riley?
-Missouri entomologist
-saved wine!!
-1st to understand American rootstock resistance to phylloxera
-statue of him in Montpellier
Which Amendments were relevant to prohibition
18th - enacted it 1920
21st - ended it 1933
What winery survived prohibition by rebranding as “the house of altar wine”?
Georges de Latour’s Beaulieu Vineyards
Who made “Thuderbird” and “Night Train Express”
Gallo
-oceans of cheap wine from CA Central Valley after prohibition lifted
When did Georges de Latour hire André Tchelistcheff? What did he introduce that set new benchmark in American wine quality?
1938
-Georges de Latour Private Reserve Cabernet Sauvignon
What new standards for hygiene and technique did André Tchelistcheff bring to CA and what title did this unofficially earn him?
-temperature controlled fermentation
-controlled ML fermentation
“dean of American winemakers”
Who did André Tchelistcheff mentor?
-Robert Mondavi
-Louis Martini
-Joe Heitz
-Mike Grgich
3 wineries that survived prohibition
Inglenook
Berigner
Beaulieu
but ambitious new wineries in new generation surpassed them in late 1960s
Where did Robert Mondavi come from? When did he launch his winery’s first harvest?
-Charles Krug!
-Left bc of family feud
-Mondavi’s 1st harvest 1966
Who do many credit with creating the “brand” of Napa Valley
Robert Mondavi
What was Fumé Blanc?
-Robert Mondavi renamed Sauvignon Blanc this way and aged in oak
-singlehandedly made SB saleable
-1968
Early modern pioneers of Sonoma?
-Hanzell
-Martin Ray
-Simi
Who took over as winemaker of “Monte Bello” at Ridge in 1969?
PAUL DRAPER
What is Monterey’s oldest commercial vineyard
Chalone
1960
When was Mount Eden Vineyards est (rebranded)
1972
Who first planted Pinot Noir in Santa Barbara
Richard Sanford
Sanford & Benedict Vineyard
Sta Rita Hills
Where did Dr. Konstantin Frank begin? What did he found? when?
-Janitor at Cornell U
-proved that vinifera could grow in Finger lakes
-Founded Vinifera Wine Cellars (1962)
Who organized the 1976 Judgment of Paris
Steven Spurrier
(British wine expert, champion of French wine)
Who planted 1st Pinot Noir in Willamette? When?
David Lett
1965
Which wines took 1st at 1976 Judgment of Paris
‘73 Stag’s Leap Wine Cellars Cabernet Sauvignon
‘73 Chateau Montelena Chardonnay
Who made the first bottle of Napa Valley Cabernet to top $100 at release? When?
Diamond Creek
1978
When did Phylloxera reoccur in California and what did this surprisingly lead to?
-1980s
-over half Napa’s vineyards had to be ripped out
-took as opportunity to reasses grapes and clonal selections for each site
What happened stylistically in the 1990s among many in Napa?
-Stylistic shift toward ripeness, body, higher alcohol
-bc of influential critics
3 upstart cult producers as a result of critic forcing style shift to ripe, full body, high alcohol
-Screaming Eagle
-Colgin
-Harlan Estate
How many US states is wine made in?
50! :)
What two viticultural threats are problematic for California’s growers?
-Pierce’s Disease
-light brown apple moth
Who was the first European to definitely set foot upon the North American continent?
Leiv Eriksson
